Browse a full set of economic indicators

Kazakhstan

Includes Kazakhstan real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.

Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Kazakhstan economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Kazakhstan best banks and safest banks are also available.

Basic Information

Government Type: Presidential republic

Capital City: Astana

GDP & Economic Information

Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data

Central Bank
National Bank of Kazakhstan
Currency
Tenge (KZT)
International Reserves
USD 35.64 billion (2020)
Gross Domestic Product – GDP USD 194.02 billion (2021 estimate)
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) USD 536.34 billion (2021 estimate)

GDP Data

Real GDP growth 2017 4.1%
2018 4.1%
2019 4.5%
2020 -2.6%
2021 3.3%
*Estimate
GDP per capita – current prices USD 10,144.68 (2021 estimate)
GDP per capita – PPP USD 28,042.65 (2021 estimate)
GDP (PPP) – share of world total
USD 0.37% (2021 estimate)
GDP – composition by sector agriculture: 5.3%
industry: 33.1%
services: 55.8%
(2016 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) N/A
Inflation 2017 7.4%
2018 6.0%
2019 5.2%
2020 6.8%
2021 7.5%
*Estimate

Inflation & Debt

Inflation 2017 7.4%
2018 6.0%
2019 5.2%
2020 6.8%
2021 7.5%
*Estimate
Government Bond Ratings Standard & Poor’s: BBB–

Moody’s: Baa2

Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s (Updated January 2017)
Unemployment rate 2017 4.9%
2018 4.9%
2019 4.8%
2020 4.9%
2021 4.8%
*Estimate
Household saving rates N/A
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) 2017 19.9%
2018 20.3%
2019 19.9%
2020 26.3%
2021 25.2%
*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) 2017 -5.2%
2018 1.8%
2019 -0.8%
2020 -7.7%
2021 -3.4%
*Estimate
Market value of publicly traded shares USD 45.2 billion (2020)
Largest Companies Halyk Bank

Import/Export

Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) 5.9% (2017)

Shares in world total merchandising export 0.004% (2018)

Shares in world total commercial services export 0.008% (2018)

Total exports USD 1.6 billion (2018 estimate)

Export commodities Opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems, and medical herbs

Total imports USD 8.3 billion (2018 estimate)

Import commodities Machinery and other capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products

Exports – major partners India 56.5%, Pakistan 29.6% (2017)

Imports – major partners China 21%, Iran 20.5%, Pakistan 11.8%, Kazakhstan 11%, Uzbekistan 6.8%, Malaysia 5.3%(2017)

Competitiveness & Trade

Current account balance USD -0.03 billion (2017 estimate)
Current account balance by percentage of GDP 0.0% (2017 estimate)
FDI inflows 2013 USD 10,321 million
2014 USD 8,406 million
2015 USD 4,021 million
FDI Outflows 2013 USD 2,287 million
2014 USD 3,639 million
2015 USD 616 million
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser 2012 USD -31.6 million
2013 N/A
2014 USD -1.3 million
2015 USD 1.3 million
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 N/A
Best countries for doing business Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking: 35 out of 190 countries (2017)

Subcategories:

Starting a business: 45 out of 190 countries

Enforcing Contracts: 9 out of 190 countries

Registering Property: 18 out of 190 countries

Getting Credit: 75 out of 190 countries

Protecting Minority Investors: 3 out of 190 countries

Trading Across Borders: 119 out of 190 countries

Paying Taxes: 60 out of 190 countries

Dealing with Construction Permits: 22 out of 190 countries

Getting Electricity: 75 out of 190 countries

Resolving Insolvency: 37 out of 190 countries
Global competitiveness ranking
53 out of 138 countries

(2016-2017)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 68 / Score: 63.61 (Moderately free) (2016)

(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)

Population & Geographic Data

Time Zone UTC+6

Total Area 2,724,900 sq km
Total Population 1990 N/A
2000 14.866 million
2010 16.434 million
2016 17.947 million
2021 19.331 million
*Estimate
Urban population as % of total population 1960 44%
1980 54%
2000 56%
2015 53%
Population median age 30.3 years (2016 estimate)
Population growth rate 1.09% (2016 estimate)
Life expectancy 70.8 years (2016 estimate)
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day 0.1% (2013)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
26.3 (2013)

(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Freedom House rating Political Rights: 7
Civil Liberties: 5 (2017)

(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed 24.73% Mobile 156.88% (2015)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
Internet users as % of total population
70.83% (2015)

Language & Religon

Languages Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 74% (understand spoken language), Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the “language of interethnic communication”) 94.4% (understand spoken language (2009 est.)
Literacy Total population: 99.8%
Male: 99.8%
Female: 99.8% (2015 est.)

(age 15 and over can read and write)
Religions Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.)

World Rankings

Population 19.331 M
Mercer Cost of living index Almaty: 196th (2016)
C02 Emissions per capita 15.4 (2013)

Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Kazakhstan

Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.


Data Sources:

IMF World Economic Outlook

UN World Population Prospects

World Inequality Report

S&P Global Ratings

Moody’s

Fitch Ratings

IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)

UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

CIA The World Factbook

World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution

Forbes Global 2000

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