Browse a full set of economic indicators

Peru

Includes Peru real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.

Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Peru economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Peru best banks and safest banks are also available.

Basic Information

Government Type: Presidential republic

Capital City: Lima

GDP & Economic Information

Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data

Central Bank Central Reserve Bank of Peru
Currency Nuevo sol (PEN)
International Reserves USD 59.7 billion (2018)

International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019
Gross Domestic Product – GDP USD 225.2 billion (2018, estimate)
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) Intl$ 457.5 billion (2018, estimate)

GDP Data

Real GDP growth 2007 8.5%
2008 9.1%
2009 1%
2010 8.5%
2011 6.5%
2012 6%
2013 5.8%
2014 2.4%
2015 3.3%
2016 4%
2017 2.5%
2018* 4%

*Estimate
GDP per capita – current prices USD 7,002.1 (2018, estimate)
GDP per capita – PPP Intl$ 14,224.3 (2018, estimate)
GDP (PPP) – share of world total 1980 0.42%
1990 0.27%
2000 0.28%
2010 0.33%
2019* 0.34%
GDP – composition by sector agriculture: 6.7%
industry: 31.2%
services: 54.1%
(2017 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) N/A
Inflation 2015 3.5%
2016 3.6%
2017 2.8%
2018* 1.3%
2019* 2.2%

*Estimate

Inflation & Debt

Inflation 2015 3.5%
2016 3.6%
2017 2.8%
2018* 1.3%
2019* 2.2%

*Estimate
Government Bond Ratings
Standard & Poor’s: BBB+

Moody’s: A3

Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s
Unemployment rate 2015 6.5%
2016 6.7%
2017 6.9%
2018* 6.7%
2019* 6.7%

*Estimate
Household saving rates N/A
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) 2015 24.1%
2016 24.5%
2017 25.4%
2018* 26.2%
2019* 26.9%

*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) 2015 -2.1%
2016 -2.3%
2017 -2.9%
2018* -2%
2019* -1.5%


*Estimate

Market value of publicly traded shares 2016 USD 81.1 billion
2017 USD 99.2 billion
2018 USD 93.4 billion
Largest Companies Credicorp, BBVA Banco Continental

Import/Export

Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) 25.2% (2018)
Shares in world total merchandising export 0.25% (2018)
Shares in world total commercial services export 0.12% (2018)
Total exports USD 55.9 billion (2018 estimate)
Export commodities Copper, gold, lead, zinc, tin, iron ore, molybdenum, silver; crude petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas; coffee, asparagus and other vegetables, fruit, apparel and textiles, fishmeal, fish, chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery, alloys
Total imports USD 51.3 billion (2018 estimate)
Import commodities Petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, plastics, machinery, vehicles, tv sets, power shovels, front-end loaders, telephones and telecommunication equipment, iron and steel, wheat, corn, soybean products, paper, cotton, vaccines and medicines
Exports – major partners IChina 26.5%, US 15.2%, Switzerland 5.2%, South Korea 4.4%, Spain 4.1%, India 4.1% (2017)
Imports – major partners China 22.3%, US 20.1%, Brazil 6%, Mexico 4.4% (2017)

Competitiveness & Trade

Current account balance USD -3.6 billion (2018 estimate)
Current account balance by percentage of GDP -1.6 % (2018 estimate)
FDI inflows 2016 USD 6,863 million
2017 USD 6,769 million
2018 USD 6,175 million
FDI Outflows 2016 USD 1,156 million
2017 USD 500 million
2018 USD 19 million
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser 2015 USD 178 million
2016 USD -6 million
2017 N/A
2018 USD 21 million
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 N/A
Best countries for doing business Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking:

76 out of 190 countries

​Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 133 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 65 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 88 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 55 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 37 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 45 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 121 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 102 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 83 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 90 out of 190 countries
Global competitiveness ranking 65 out of 141 countries

(2019)
Index of Economic Freedom Ranking: 45 / Score: 67.8 (Moderately free)

(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)

Population & Geographic Data

Total Area 1,285,216 sq km
Total Population 1990 21.77 Million
2000 25.98 Million
2010 29.46 Million
2015 31.15 Million
2020* 32.82 Million

*Estimate
Urban population as % of total population 1960 46.8%
1980 64.6%
2000 73%
2018 77.9%
Population median age 28.4 years
Population growth rate 0.94% (2018 estimate)
Life expectancy 74.2 years (2018 estimate)
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day 9.8% (last available estimate, 2017)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
43.3 (last available estimate, 2017)

(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Freedom House rating Free
Political Rights: 2
Civil Liberties: 3 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed: 9.8% Mobile: 123.8% (2017) (

fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
Internet users as % of total population 52.54 % (2018)

Language & Religon

Languages Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other (includes foreign languages and sign language) 0.2%, none .1%, unspecifie
Literacy
Total population: 94.2%
Male: 97.2%
Female: 91.2%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2016 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic 60%, Christian 14.6% (includes evangelical 11.1%, other 3.5%), other .3%, none 4%, unspecified 21.1% (2017 est.)

World Rankings

Population 32.82 million
Mercer Cost of living index Lima: 121st (2019)
C02 Emissions per capita 2.05 metric tons per capita (2014)

Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Peru

Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.


Data Sources:

IMF World Economic Outlook

UN World Population Prospects

World Inequality Report

S&P Global Ratings

Moody’s

Fitch Ratings

IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)

UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

CIA The World Factbook

World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution

Forbes Global 2000

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