Includes historical data for Spain’s Gross Domestic Product growth, debt-to-GDP ratio and more, as well as information on trade, banking and financial sector leadership.
In Partnership With
Large Economy With A Well-Educated Workforce
As the fourth-largest economy in the eurozone, Spain’s strength is underpinned by a variety of sectors including manufacturing, financial services, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as clothing and apparel, and tourism. Spain’s excellent infrastructure, well-educated workforce, large domestic market and access to the European single market make it an attractive destination for foreign investment.
Yet, Spain grapples with challenges that include high fiscal deficits and public debt, restrictive labor regulations, and an aging population. The political landscape is also highly polarized, hindering the country’s economic growth potential
Spain GDP & Economic Overview
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
| Type of Government | Constitutional monarchy |
|---|---|
| Capital | Madrid |
| Sovereign Ratings |
S&P: A Moody’s: Baa1 Fitch: A– |
| Total Population | 49.72 million |
| Median Age | 45.85 |
| Adult Per Capita Income (PPP) | 55,754 |
| Total GDP (2025) | 1.9 trillion |
Most Recent Content
Spain
Country Report
Spain’s Economic Growth Test
Economics, Policy & Regulation
Three Bankers Lead Pack to Replace Lagarde at ECBBanking & Finance
Trade & Investment
| Total Exports | USD 412.4 billion (2024) |
|---|---|
| Leading Exports |
Cars Refined Petroleum Garments Packaged Medicines Vehicle Parts |
| Total Imports | USD 471.14 billion (2024) |
| Leading Imports |
Crude Petroleum Natural Gas Garments Cars Vehicle Parts/Accessories |
| Source: | World Integrated Trade Solution |
Spain Leading Companies
| CaixaBank | Financials |
|---|---|
| Santander | Financials |
| BBVA-Banco Bilbao Vizcaya | Financials |
| Iberdrola | Electric Utilities |
| Repsol | Integrated Oil & Gas |
| Inditex | Consumer Discretionary, Apparel Retail |
| Telefónica | Communication Services |
Major Trade Partners — Import
| Germany | 11% |
|---|---|
| China | 10% |
| France | 10% |
| Italy | 6% |
| Unspecified | 6% |
Major Trade Partners — Export
| France | 15% |
|---|---|
| Germany | 10% |
| Italy | 8% |
| Portugal | 8% |
| United Kingdom | 6% |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards
In Partnership With
CaixaBank is Spain’s leading financial institution and one of the largest banking groups in Europe, serving more than 20.8 million customers across Spain and Portugal and with a market capitalisation of nearly €82 billion.
In Spain, CaixaBank is supported by a nationwide network of more than 4,500 branches and advanced digital channels, maintaining strong market shares across key segments, including approximately a quarter of customer loans and deposits, as well as leading positions in payroll accounts (36%) and pension plans (34%), to name just a few.
Beyond its strong domestic footprint, CaixaBank also maintains an international presence in more than 20 countries through a network of branches and representative offices, supporting Spanish corporates abroad and providing specialised financial solutions in global markets. In Portugal, the group operates through the wholly owned Banco BPI, a key player in the Iberian market with market shares ranging from 11.5% in business lending to 13.1% in mortgages.
CaixaBank traces its origins to a historic savings institution founded in 1904, a heritage that continues to shape the bank’s strong emphasis on sustainability and responsible banking practices. Another distinguishing feature of CaixaBank’s business model is its bancassurance approach, under which banking and insurance products are fully integrated, enabling the group to achieve leading market positions in both savings and protection products. CaixaBank plays a critical role in Spain’s financial system, supporting households, businesses, and economic development.
Data Sources:
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000