To Market, To Market: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bosnia-Herzegovina competes aggressively with other Balkan countries to attract foreign investment.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Includes Bosnia and Herzegovina real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Bosnia and Herzegovina economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of the country best banks and safest banks are also available.
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International Reserves
USD 8.71 billion (2020)
World Bank, last updated 12/16/2021
Gross Domestic Product - GDP
USD 21.69 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
USD 53.19 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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Real GDP growth
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 3.1% | 3.2% | 3.7% | 2.8% | –4.3% |
*Estimate
Source
GDP per capita - current prices
USD 6,647.83 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
Source
GDP per capita - PPP
USD 16,301.58 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
Source
GDP (PPP) - share of world total
0.04% (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 5.9%
- industry: 24.5%
- services: 54.9%
(2018 estimate)
Inflation
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 0.8% | 1.4% | 0.6% | –1.1% | 1.8% |
*Estimate
Source
Unemployment rate
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 20.5% | 18.4% | 15.7% | 15.9% | 15.8% |
*Estimate
Source
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 39.2% | 34.3% | 32.5% | 36.7% | 38.9% |
*Estimate
Source
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.1% | –3.4% | –2.5% |
*Estimate
Source
Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: B
Moody's: B3Standard & Poor's / Moody's (January 2022)
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Current account balance
USD -0.84 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
Source
Current account balance by percentage of GDP
-3.9% (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
Source
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
34.5% (2020)
Shares in world total merchandising export
0.03% (2020)
Shares in world total commercial services export
0.03% (2020)
Export commodities
Electricity, seating, leather shoes, furniture, insulated wiring (2019)
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Import commodities
Refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, coal, electricity (2019)
Exports - major partners
Germany 14%, Italy 12%, Croatia 11%, Serbia 11%, Austria 9%, Slovenia 8% (2019)
Imports - major partners
Croatia 15%, Serbia 13%, Germany 10%, Italy 9%, Slovenia 7%, China 6% (2019)
FDI inflows
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
| USD 574 million | USD 400 million | USD 371 million |
FDI outflows
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
| USD –24 million | USD 3.3 million | USD –5.1 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
N/A
(for a monthly update on M&A; click here )
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
N/A
(for a monthly update on M&A; click here )
Best countries for doing business
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Overall ranking:
90 out of 190 countries
Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 184 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 173 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 74 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 96 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 67 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 88 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 141 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 27 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 93 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 37 out of 190 countries
World Bank - Doing Business 2020
Source
Global competitiveness ranking
92 out of 141 (2019)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 68 / Score: 63.4 (Moderately Free)
The Heritage Foundation - 2022 Index of Economic Freedom
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Languages
Bosnian (official) 52.9%, Serbian (official) 30.8%, Croatian (official) 14.6%, other 1.6%, no answer 0.2% (2013 est.)
Religions
Muslim 50.7%, Orthodox 30.7%, Roman Catholic 15.2%, atheist 0.8%, agnostic 0.3%, other 1.2%, undeclared/no answer 1.1% (2013 est.)
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020* |
| N/A | 3.77 million | 3.72 million | 3.54 million | 3.5 million |
*Estimate
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2018 |
| 19% | 35.5% | 42.4% | 48.2% |
Literacy
Total population: 98.5%
Male: 99.5%
Female: 97.5%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day
0.8% (last available estimate, 2011)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
33 (last available estimate, 2011)
(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Source
Freedom House rating
Partly Free
Political Rights: 4
Civil Liberties: 4 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed: 19.6%
Mobile: 104.1%
(2018)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)