Includes Bosnia and Herzegovina real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Bosnia and Herzegovina economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of the country best banks and safest banks are also available.
Basic Information
Government Type: Parliamentary republic
Capital City: Sarajevo
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
Central Bank | Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
---|---|
Currency | Konvertibilna markas (BAM) |
International Reserves |
USD 8.71 billion (2020) World Bank, last updated 12/16/2021 |
Gross Domestic Product – GDP |
USD 21.69 billion (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) |
USD 53.19 billion (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
GDP Data
Real GDP growth |
2017 3.1% 2018 3.2% 2019 3.7% 2020* 2.8% 2021* –4.3% *Estimate |
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GDP per capita – current prices |
USD 6,647.83 (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
GDP per capita – PPP |
USD 16,301.58 (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
GDP (PPP) – share of world total |
0.04% (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 5.9% industry: 24.5% services: 54.9% (2018 estimate) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) | N/A |
Inflation |
2017 0.8% 2018 1.4% 2019 0.6% 2020* –1.1% 2021* 1.8% *Estimate |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Inflation & Debt
Inflation |
2017 0.8% 2018 1.4% 2019 0.6% 2020* –1.1% 2021* 1.8% *Estimate |
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Government Bond Ratings |
Standard & Poor’s: B Moody’s: B3Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s (January 2022) |
Unemployment rate |
2017 20.5% 2018 18.4% 2019 15.7% 2020* 15.9% 2021* 15.8% *Estimate |
Household saving rates | N/A |
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2017 39.2% 2018 34.3% 2019 32.5% 2020* 36.7% 2021* 38.9% *Estimate |
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2017 2.6% 2018 2.4% 2019 2.1% 2020* –3.4% 2021* –2.5% *Estimate |
Market value of publicly traded shares | N/A |
Largest Companies | N/A |
Import/Export
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) | 34.5% (2020) |
---|---|
Shares in world total merchandising export | 0.03% (2020) |
Shares in world total commercial services export |
0.03% (2020) |
Total exports |
USD 6.8 billion (2020 estimate) |
Export commodities | Electricity, seating, leather shoes, furniture, insulated wiring (2019) |
Total imports |
USD 9.7 billion (2020 estimate) |
Import commodities | Refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, coal, electricity (2019) |
Exports – major partners | Germany 14%, Italy 12%, Croatia 11%, Serbia 11%, Austria 9%, Slovenia 8% (2019) |
Imports – major partners |
Croatia 15%, Serbia 13%, Germany 10%, Italy 9%, Slovenia 7%, China 6% (2019) |
Competitiveness & Trade
Current account balance |
USD -0.84 billion (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
---|---|
Current account balance by percentage of GDP |
-3.9% (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
FDI inflows |
2018 USD 574 million 2019 USD 400 million 2020 USD 371 million |
FDI Outflows |
2018 USD –24 million 2019 USD 3.3 million 2020 USD –5.1 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser | N/A |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 | N/A |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 | N/A |
Best countries for doing business |
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. Overall ranking: 90 out of 190 countries Subcategories: Starting a Business: 184 out of 190 countries Dealing with Construction Permits: 173 out of 190 countries Getting Electricity: 74 out of 190 countries Registering Property: 96 out of 190 countries Getting Credit: 67 out of 190 countries Protecting Minority Investors: 88 out of 190 countries Paying Taxes: 141 out of 190 countries Trading across Borders: 27 out of 190 countries Enforcing Contracts: 93 out of 190 countries Resolving Insolvency: 37 out of 190 countries World Bank – Doing Business 2020 |
Global competitiveness ranking | 92 out of 141 (2019) |
Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 68 / Score: 63.4 (Moderately Free) The Heritage Foundation – 2022 Index of Economic Freedom |
Population & Geographic Data
Total Area |
51,197 sq km |
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Total Population |
1990 N/A 2000 3.77 million 2010 3.72 million 2015 3.54 million 2020 3.5 million |
Urban population as % of total population |
1960 19% 1980 35.5% 2000 42.4% 2020 48.2% |
Population median age |
42.5 years CIA World Factbook / Population median age |
Population growth rate | -0.17% (2018 estimate) |
Life expectancy |
77.1 years (2018 estimate) CIA World Factbook / Life expectancy |
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day | 0.8% (last available estimate, 2011) |
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) |
33 (last available estimate, 2011) (0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality) |
Freedom House rating |
Partly Free Political Rights: 4 Civil Liberties: 4 (2019) (1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating) |
Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed: 19.6% Mobile: 104.1% (2018) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
Internet users as % of total population | 70.12 % (2018) |
Language & Religon
Languages | Bosnian (official) 52.9%, Serbian (official) 30.8%, Croatian (official) 14.6%, other 1.6%, no answer 0.2% (2013 est.) |
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Literacy |
Total population: 98.5% Male: 99.5% Female: 97.5% Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) |
Religions | Muslim 50.7%, Orthodox 30.7%, Roman Catholic 15.2%, atheist 0.8%, agnostic 0.3%, other 1.2%, undeclared/no answer 1.1% (2013 est.) |
World Rankings
Population | 3.5 million |
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Mercer Cost of living index | Sarajevo: 194th (2019) |
C02 Emissions per capita |
6.38 metric tons per capita (2014) |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.
Data Sources:
IMF World Economic Outlook
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000