In Brazil, Visa Tests CBDC For Financing Local Farmers

In Brazil, Visa Tests CBDC For Financing Local Farmers

By providing a secure platform for tokenizing traditional financing documents into “on-chain” tradable nonfungible tokens and auctioning them via smart contracts to global investors, Visa’s solution will enable farmers to receive loans with customized terms based on their unique needs and circumstances.

 
 
Source
Central bank

Central Bank of Brazil

International Reserves

USD 374.7 billion (2018)

International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019

Gross Domestic Product - GDP

USD 1,868.2 billion (2018, estimate)

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Intl$ 3,365.3 billion (2018, estimate)

Real GDP growth
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
6.1% 5.1% -0.1% 7.5% 4% 1.9% 3%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018*    
0.5% -3.5% -3.3% 1.1% 1.1%    

*Estimate

GDP per capita - current prices

USD 8,967.7 (2018, estimate)

GDP per capita - PPP

Intl$ 16,154.3 (2018, estimate)

GDP (PPP) - share of world total
2.5% (2019, estimate)
 
 
Source
GDP - composition by sector
  • agriculture: 4.4% 
  • industry: 18.4% 
  • services: 62.6% 

(2018 estimate)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)

N/A

Inflation
2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019*
9% 8.7% 3.4% 3.7% 3.8%

*Estimate

Unemployment rate
2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019*
8.3% 11.3% 12.8% 12.3% 11.8%

*Estimate

Household saving rates

N/A

Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019*
72.6% 78.3% 84.1% 87.9% 91.6%

*Estimate

Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019*
-10.3% -9% -7.9% -7.2% -7.5%

*Estimate

Government bond ratings

Standard & Poor's: BB-

Moody's: Ba2

Standard & Poor's / Moody's 

Market value of publicly traded shares
2016 2017 2018
USD 758.6 billion USD 954.7 billion USD 916.8 billion
Largest companies

Petrobras, Itaú Unibanco Holding, Banco Bradesco, Vale, Banco do Brasil, Eletrobrás, JBS, Itaúsa, Braskem, Oi, CSN, Cielo, B3, CPFL Energia, Ultrapar Participacoes, Companhia Brasileira de Distribuicao, Metalurgica Gerdau, Suzano Papel e Celulose, Cemig, Sabesp

 
 
Source
Current account balance

USD -14.5 billion (2018 estimate)

Current account balance by percentage of GDP

-0.8 % (2018 estimate)

Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)

14.8% (2018)

Shares in world total merchandising export

1.23% (2018)

Shares in world total commercial services export

0.58% (2018)

Total exports

USD 273.1 billion (2018)

Export commodities

Transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, automobiles

Total imports

USD 253.4 billion (2018 estimate)

 
 
Source
Import commodities

Machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics

Exports - major partners

China 21.8%, US 12.5%, Argentina 8.1%, Netherlands 4.3% (2017)

Imports - major partners

China 18.1%, US 16.7%, Argentina 6.3%, Germany 6.1% (2017)

FDI inflows
2016 2017 2018
USD 52,751 million USD 67,583 million USD 61,223 million
FDI outflows
2016 2017 2018
USD -5,934 million USD 16,678 million USD -13,036 million
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
2015 2016 2017 2018
USD -2,212 million

USD -5,870 million

USD 605 million USD -2,013 million
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014

N/A

(for a monthly update on M&A; click here )

Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015

Telefonica Brasil SA, GVT Participacoes SA, Brazil, USD 9.8 billion

(for a monthly update on M&A; click here )

Best countries for doing business

Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking:

124 out of 190 countries

​Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 138 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 170 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 98 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 133 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 104 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 61 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 184 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 108 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 58 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 77 out of 190 countries
World Bank - Doing Business 2019

Global competitiveness ranking

71 out of 141 countries (2019)

Index of Economic Freedom

Ranking: 150 / Score: 51.9 (Mostly unfree)

 
 
Source
Time zone

UTC-3 (3 time zones)

 

Total area

8,514,877 sq km

Capital

Brasilia

Currency

Reals (BRL)

Government type

Federal presidential republic

Languages

Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language)

Religions

Roman Catholic 64.6%, other Catholic 0.4%, Protestant 22.2% (includes Adventist 6.5%, Assembly of God 2.0%, Christian Congregation of Brazil 1.2%, Universal Kingdom of God 1.0%, other Protestant 11.5%), other Christian 0.7%, Spiritist 2.2%, other 1.4%, no

Total population
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020*
146.59 million 173.77 million 194.89 million 203.48 million 211.38* million

*Estimate

 
 
Source
Urban population as % of total population
1960 1980 2000 2015
46.1% 65.5% 81.2% 86.6%
Population median age

32.4 years 

Population growth rate

0.71% (2018 estimate)

Life expectancy

74.3 years (2018 estimate)

Literacy

Total population: 92% 
Male: 91.7% 
Female: 92.3%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

(age 15 and over can read and write) 

% of population living on less than $3.10 a day

9.6% (last available estimate, 2017)

Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)

53.3 (last available estimate, 2017)

(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)

Freedom House rating

Free
Political Rights: 2
Civil Liberties: 2 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)

Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population

Fixed: 18.3% Mobile: 98.8% (2018) 
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)

Internet users as % of total population

67.47 % (2017)

Mercer Cost of living index

São Paulo: 86th
Rio de Janeiro: 121st
Brasilia: 174th

(2019)

CO2 emissions

2.61 metric tons per capita (2014)

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