Source
Central bank

Bank of Canada

International Reserves

USD 106.62 billion (2021)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved January 2022

Gross Domestic Product - GDP

USD 2,015.98 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

USD 2,027.37 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

Real GDP growth
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
3.0% 2.4% 1.9% -5.3% 5.7%*

*Estimate

GDP per capita - current prices

USD 52,791.23 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

GDP per capita - PPP

USD 53,089.46 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

GDP (PPP) - share of world total

1.40% (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

 
 
Source
GDP - composition by sector
  • agriculture: 1.9%
  • industry: 24.0%
  • services: 67.1%

(2017 estimate)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)

1.7% (2020)

Inflation
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*
1.6% 2.3% 1.9% 0.7%* 3.2%*
Unemployment rate
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*
6.4% 5.9% 5.7% 9.6%* 7.7%*
Household saving rates

14.3% (2020)
OECD, retrieved January 2022

Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
2016 2017 2019 2020* 2021*
88.8% 88.8% 86.8% 117.5% 109.9%

*Estimate

Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
2016 2017 2019 2020* 2021*
0.1% 0.3% 0.6% –10.6% –7.1%

*Estimate

Government bond ratings

Standard & Poor's: AAA

Moody's: Aaa

Standard & Poor's / Moody's 

(January 2022)

Market value of publicly traded shares

USD 2,641 billion (2020)

World Bank

Largest companies

Cenovus Energy, Thomson Reuters, Intact Financial, Onex, Restaurant Brands International, Barrick Gold, Encana, Saputo, Industrial Alliance Insurance, Waste Connections, Valeant Pharmaceuticals, Bombardier, Metro, Emera, Hydro One, Canadian Tire, Lululemon Athletica, Air Canada, First Quantum Minerals, Empire, Shopify, Advanz Pharma, Constellation Software, Canadian Utilities, Laurentian Bank, Goldcorp, Canadian Apartment Properties Real Estate Investment Trust, Power Corp of Canada, Magna International, National Bank of Canada, Rogers Communications, Teck Resources, TELUS, Husky Energy, Nutrien, George Weston, Fairfax Financial, Fortis (Canada), Canadian Pacific Railway, Pembina Pipeline, CGI Group, RBC, TD Bank Group, Bank of Nova Scotia, Brookfield Asset Management, Bank of Montreal, Manulife, Enbridge, Canadian Imperial Bank, Suncor Energy, Sun Life Financial, BCE, Canadian Natural Resources, TransCanada, Couche Tard, Canadian National Railway

 
 
Source
Current account balance

USD 10.6 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

Current account balance by percentage of GDP

0.52% (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)

29.4% (2020)
World Bank - World Development Indicators (updated Feb 2022)

Shares in world total merchandising export

2.2% (2020)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Shares in world total commercial services export

1.8% (2020)

Total exports

USD 476.1 billion (2020 estimate)

Export commodities

Motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum

Total imports

USD 509.8 billion (2020 estimate)

 
 
Source
Import commodities

Cars and vehicle parts, delivery trucks, crude petroleum, refined petroleum (2019)

Exports - major partners

US 73% (2019)

Imports - major partners

US 57%, China 11%, Mexico 5% (2019)

FDI inflows
2019 2020 2021
USD 38.2 million USD 47.8 million USD 23.8 million
FDI outflows
2019 2020 2021
USD 57.4 million USD 78.9 million USD 48.7 million
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
2018 2019 2020 2021
USD 72.7 billion USD 63.1 billion USD 48.2 billion USD 27.4 billion
Best countries for doing business

Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking:

23 out of 190 countries

​Subcategories:

Starting a Business: 3 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 64 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 124 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 36 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 15 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 7 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 19 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 51 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 100 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 13 out of 190 countries

Global competitiveness ranking

14 out of 141 countries

(2019)

Index of Economic Freedom

Ranking: 15 / Score: 76.6 (Mostly Free)

(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)

 
 
Source
Time zone

UTC-5 (6 time zones)

Total area

9,984,670 sq km

Capital

Ottawa

Currency

Canadian dollars (CAD) 

Government type

Federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution

Languages

English (official) 58.7%, French (official) 22%, Punjabi 1.4%, Italian 1.3%, Spanish 1.3%, German 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, Tagalog 1.2%, Arabic 1.1%, other 10.5% (2011 est.)

Religions

Catholic 39% (includes Roman Catholic 38.8%, other Catholic .2%), Protestant 20.3% (includes United Church 6.1%, Anglican 5%, Baptist 1.9%, Lutheran 1.5%, Pentecostal 1.5%, Presbyterian 1.4%, other Protestant 2.9%), Orthodox 1.6%, other Christian 6.3%, Mu

Total population
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020*
27.63 million 30.65 million 33.96 million 35.68 million 37.81 million*

*Estimate  

 
 
Source
Urban population as % of total population
1960 1980 2000 2018
69.1% 75.7% 79.5% 81.4%
Population median age

42.4 years 

Population growth rate

0.72% (2018 estimate)

Life expectancy

82 years (2018 estimate)

Literacy

N/A

% of population living on less than $3.10 a day

0.5% (last available estimate, 2013)

Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)

34 (last available estimate, 2013)

(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)

Freedom House rating

Free
Political Rights: 1
Civil Liberties: 1 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)

Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population

Fixed: 37.5%

Mobile: 89.2%

(2018)

(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)

Internet users as % of total population

91 % (2017)

Mercer Cost of living index

Vancouver: 112th
Toronto: 115th
Montréal: 139th
Calgary: 153rd
Ottawa: 161st

(2019)

CO2 emissions

15.16 metric tons per capita (2014)

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