Source
Central bank

Central Bank of Egypt

International Reserves

USD 41.8 billion (2018)

International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019

Gross Domestic Product - GDP

USD 249.6 billion (2018, estimate)

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Intl$ 1,296.3 billion (2018, estimate)

Real GDP growth
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
7.1% 7.2% 4.7% 5.1% 1.8% 2.2% 3.3%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018  *    
2.9% 4.4% 4.3% 4.2% 5.3%    

*Estimate

GDP per capita - current prices

USD 2,573.3 (2018, estimate)

GDP per capita - PPP

Intl$ 13,366.5 (2018, estimate)

GDP (PPP) - share of world total
1980 1990 2000 2010 2019*
0.67% 0.82% 0.84% 0.93% 0.98%

*Estimate

 
 
Source
GDP - composition by sector
  • agriculture: 11.2% 
  • industry: 35.1% 
  • services: 51.4%

(2018 estimate)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)

N/A

 

Inflation
2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019*
11% 10.2% 23.5% 20.9% 13.9%

*Estimate

Unemployment rate
2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019*
12.9% 12.7% 12.2%

10.9%

8.6%

*Estimate

Household saving rates

N/A

 

Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019*
88.5% 96.8% 103.2% 92.7% 84.9%

*Estimate

Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019*
-10.9% -12.5% -10.4% -9.4% -7.6%

*Estimate

Government bond ratings

Standard & Poor's: B

Moody': B2

Standard & Poor's / Moody's 

Market value of publicly traded shares
2016 2017 2018
USD 33.3 billion USD 46.5 billion USD 42.0 billion
Largest companies

Commercial International Bank

 
 
Source
Current account balance

USD -6.0 billion (2018 estimate)

Current account balance by percentage of GDP

-2.4 % (2018 estimate)


Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)

18.9% (2018)

Shares in world total merchandising export

0.14% (2018)

Shares in world total commercial services export

0.40% (2018)

Total exports

USD 51.6 billion (2018 estimate)

Export commodities

Crude oil and petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food

Total imports

USD 76.3 billion (2018 estimate)

 
 
Source
Import commodities

Machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels

Exports - major partners

UAE 10.9%, Italy 10%, US 7.4%, UK 5.7%, Turkey 4.4%, Germany 4.3%, India 4.3% (2017)

Imports - major partners

China 7.9%, UAE 5.2%, Germany 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, US 4.4%, Russia 4.3% (2017)

FDI inflows
2016 2017 2018
USD 8,107 million USD 7,409 million USD 6,798 million
FDI outflows
2016 2017 2018
USD 207 million USD 199 million USD 324 million
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
2015 2016 2017 2018
USD 1,672 million USD 312 million USD 358 million USD -76 million
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014

N/A

Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015

N/A

Best countries for doing business

Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking:

114 out of 190 countries

​Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 90 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 74 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 77 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 130 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 67 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 57 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 156 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 171 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 166 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 104 out of 190 countries

Global competitiveness ranking

93 out of 141 countries

(2019)

Index of Economic Freedom

Ranking: 144 / Score: 52.5 (Mostly unfree)

(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)

 
 
Source
Time zone

UTC+2

Total area

1,001,450 sq km

Capital

Cairo

Currency

Egyptian pounds (EGP)

Government type

Presidential republic

Languages

Arabic (official), Arabic, English, and French widely understood by educated classes

Religions

Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10% (2015 est.)

Total population
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020*
51.36 million 63.77 million 78.73 million 89 million 101.49 million

*Estimate 

 
 
Source
Urban population as % of total population
1960 1980 2000 2018
37.9% 43.9% 42.8% 42.7%
Population median age

23.9 years 

Population growth rate

2.38% (2018 estimate)

Life expectancy

73.2 years (2018 estimate)

Literacy

Total population: 80.8% 
Male: 86.5% 
Female: 75%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2017 est.)

% of population living on less than $3.10 a day

16.1% (last available estimate, 2015)

Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)

31.8 (last available estimate, 2015)

Freedom House rating

Not Free
Political Rights: 6
Civil Liberties: 6 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)

Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population

Fixed: 8%

Mobile: 95.3%

(2018)

(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)

Internet users as % of total population

46.92 % (2018)

Mercer Cost of living index

Cairo: 166th (2019)

CO2 emissions

2.23 metric tons per capita (2014)

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