Egypt Floats Currency, And It Sinks. Then Rises.
The Egyptian pound was floated this fall, and quickly lost half its value. But the reform is part of restructuring Egypt's economy to encourage foreign investment.
Egypt GDP and Economic Data
Country Report - Includes Egypt real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Egypt economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Egypt best banks and safest banks are also available.
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International Reserves
USD 41.8 billion (2018)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019
Gross Domestic Product - GDP
USD 249.6 billion (2018, estimate)
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
Intl$ 1,296.3 billion (2018, estimate)
Real GDP growth
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
| 7.1% | 7.2% | 4.7% | 5.1% | 1.8% | 2.2% | 3.3% |
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 * | ||
| 2.9% | 4.4% | 4.3% | 4.2% | 5.3% |
*Estimate
GDP (PPP) - share of world total
| 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2019* |
| 0.67% | 0.82% | 0.84% | 0.93% | 0.98% |
*Estimate
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 11.2%
- industry: 35.1%
- services: 51.4%
(2018 estimate)
Inflation
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
| 11% | 10.2% | 23.5% | 20.9% | 13.9% |
*Estimate
Unemployment rate
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
| 12.9% | 12.7% | 12.2% |
10.9% |
8.6% |
*Estimate
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
| 88.5% | 96.8% | 103.2% | 92.7% | 84.9% |
*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
| -10.9% | -12.5% | -10.4% | -9.4% | -7.6% |
*Estimate
Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: B
Moody': B2
Standard & Poor's / Moody's
Source
Market value of publicly traded shares
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 33.3 billion | USD 46.5 billion | USD 42.0 billion |
Source
Current account balance by percentage of GDP
-2.4 % (2018 estimate)
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
18.9% (2018)
Shares in world total merchandising export
0.14% (2018)
Shares in world total commercial services export
0.40% (2018)
Export commodities
Crude oil and petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food
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Import commodities
Machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels
Exports - major partners
UAE 10.9%, Italy 10%, US 7.4%, UK 5.7%, Turkey 4.4%, Germany 4.3%, India 4.3% (2017)
Imports - major partners
China 7.9%, UAE 5.2%, Germany 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, US 4.4%, Russia 4.3% (2017)
FDI inflows
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 8,107 million | USD 7,409 million | USD 6,798 million |
FDI outflows
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 207 million | USD 199 million | USD 324 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 1,672 million | USD 312 million | USD 358 million | USD -76 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
N/A
Best countries for doing business
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Overall ranking:
114 out of 190 countries
Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 90 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 74 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 77 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 130 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 67 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 57 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 156 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 171 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 166 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 104 out of 190 countries
Source
Global competitiveness ranking
93 out of 141 countries
(2019)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 144 / Score: 52.5 (Mostly unfree)
(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)
Source
Source
Languages
Arabic (official), Arabic, English, and French widely understood by educated classes
Religions
Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10% (2015 est.)
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020* |
| 51.36 million | 63.77 million | 78.73 million | 89 million | 101.49 million |
*Estimate
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2018 |
| 37.9% | 43.9% | 42.8% | 42.7% |
Literacy
Total population: 80.8%
Male: 86.5%
Female: 75%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2017 est.)
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day
16.1% (last available estimate, 2015)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
31.8 (last available estimate, 2015)
Source
Freedom House rating
Not Free
Political Rights: 6
Civil Liberties: 6 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed: 8%
Mobile: 95.3%
(2018)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks
2010
World's Best Islamic Financial Institutions
2013
2012
- WORLD'S BEST ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 2012
- World’s Best Islamic Financial Institutions 2012: Overall Winners
- World’s Best Islamic Financial Institutions 2012: Regional Awards
- Winners’ Circle: World's Best Islamic Finance Institutions
- Best Islamic Financial Firms 2012
- World’s Best Islamic Financial Institutions 2012: Country Awards