Germany: “Mini-Merkel” Takes Over
Angela Merkel chooses a successor to follow in her footsteps.
Germany GDP and Economic Data
Country Report 2017 - Includes Germany real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Germany economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Germany best banks and safest banks are also available.
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International Reserves
USD 64.7 billion (2016)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved January 2017
Gross Domestic Product - GDP
USD 3,618.6 billion (2017, estimate)
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
Intl$ 4,122.4 billion (2017, estimate)
Real GDP growth
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| 3.9% | 3.4% | 0.8% | -5.6% | 4% | 3.7% | 0.7% |
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* | ||
| 0.6% | 1.6% | 1.5% | 1.8% | 1.4% |
*Estimate
GDP per capita - current prices
USD 43,686.4 (2017, estimate)
GDP (PPP) - share of world total
| 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2017* |
| 6.54% | 5.96% | 4.82% | 3.63% | 3.3% |
*Estimate
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 0.6%
- industry: 30.3%
- services: 69.1%
(2016 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)
2.9% (2014)
OECD, data retrieved January 2017
Inflation
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| 1.6% | 0.8% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 1.5% |
*Estimate
Unemployment rate
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| 5.2% | 5.0% | 4.6% | 4.3% | 4.5% |
*Estimate
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| 77.1% | 74.5% | 71% | 68.2% | 65.9% |
*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| -0.2% | 0.3% | 0.7% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
*Estimate
Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: AAA
Moody's: Aaa
Standard & Poor's / Moody's (Updated January 2017)
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Market value of publicly traded shares
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 1936.1 billion | USD 1738.5 billion | USD 1715.8 billion |
Largest companies
Allianz, Volkswagen Group, Daimler, BMW Group, Siemens, Deutsche Telekom, BASF, Bayer, Munich Re, SAP, Continental, Deutsche Post, Fresenius, Henkel, Linde, Merck, Commerzbank, Talanx, Deutsche Bank, Deutsche Lufthansa, HeidelbergCement, E.ON, Evonik, Adidas, ThyssenKrupp Group, Porsche Automobil Holding, Deutsche Boerse, RWE Group, Metro Group, Schaeffler, Deutsche Annington Immobilien, EnBW-Energie Baden, Beiersdorf, Infineon Technologies, TUI, Deutsche Wohnen, W&W-Wüstenrot, Brenntag, Aareal Bank, GEA Group, OSRAM Licht, Nürnberger, ProSiebenSat1 Media, Deutsche Pfandbriefbank, United Internet, BayWa, Aurubis, K+S, Aroundtown Property Holdings, DVB Bank.
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP
8.1% (2017 estimate)
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
46.8% (2015)
Shares in world total merchandising export
8.1% (2015)
Shares in world total commercial services export
5.2% (2015)
Export commodities
Motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products
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Import commodities
Machinery, data processing equipment, vehicles, chemicals, oil and gas, metals, electric equipment, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, agricultural products
Exports - major partners
US 9.6%, France 8.6%, UK 7.5%, Netherlands 6.6%, China 6%, Italy 4.9%, Austria 4.8%, Poland 4.4%, Switzerland 4.2% (2015)
Imports - major partners
Netherlands 13.7%, France 7.6%, China 7.3%, Belgium 6%, Italy 5.2%, Poland 5%, US 4.7%, Czech Republic 4.5%, UK 4.2%, Austria 4.2%, Switzerland 4.2% (2015)
FDI inflows
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 11,671 million | USD 880 million | USD 31,719 million |
FDI outflows
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 40,362 million | USD 106,246 million | USD 94,313 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 15674.2 million | USD 6673.7 million | USD 44135.7 million | USD 46668.9 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
Bayer AG, Merck & Co Inc-Consumer Care Business, United States, USD 14.2 billion / Telefonica Deutschland Holding AG, E-Plus Mobilfunk GmbH & Co KG, Germany, USD 11.2 billion / Volkswagen AG, Scania AB, Sweden, USD 9.1 billion / Kronen Tausend985 GmbH, Sky Deutschland AG, Germany, USD 4.9 billion / Dragonfly GmbH & Co KgaA, Celesio AG, Germany, USD 4.8 billion / TUI AG, TUI Travel PLC, United Kingdom, USD 4.6 billion
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
Merck KGaA, Sigma-Aldrich Corp, United States, USD 16.9 billion / ZF Friedrichshafen AG, TRW Automotive Holdings Corp, United States, USD 12.5 billion / Deutsche Annington Immobilien SE, Gagfah SA, Luxembourg, USD 10.4 billion / Siemens AG, Dresser-Ran
Best countries for doing business
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Overall ranking: 17 out of 190 countries (2016)
Subcategories:
Starting a business: 114 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 17 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 79 out of 190 countries
Getting credit: 32 out of 190 countries
Protecting investors: 53 out of 190 countries
Trading across border: 38 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 48 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 12 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 5 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 3 out of 190 countries
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Global competitiveness ranking
5 out of 138 countries
(2016-2017)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 17 / Score: 74.37 (Mostly free) (2017)
(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)
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Languages
German (official)
Note: Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romany are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romany are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
Religions
Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016* | 2021* |
| 79.246 million | 82.26 million | 81.752 million | 82.571 million | 83.276 million |
*Estimate
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2015 |
| 71% | 73% | 73% | 75% |
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
30.1 (2011)
(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
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Freedom House rating
Political Rights: 1
Civil Liberties: 1 (2017)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
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Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed 54.93% Mobile 116.71% (2015)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
Mercer Cost of living index
Munich: 77th
Frankfurt: 88th
Berlin: 100th
Dusseldorf: 107th
Hamburg: 113th
Stuttgart: 129th
Nurnberg: 160th
Leipzig: 165th
(2016)
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