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Germany GDP and Economic Data
Includes Germany real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Germany economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Germany best banks and safest banks are also available.
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International Reserves
USD 198.2 billion (2018)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019
Gross Domestic Product - GDP
USD 4,000.4 billion (2018, estimate)
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
Intl$ 4,356.4 billion (2018, estimate)
Real GDP growth
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
| 3.4% | 0.8% | -5.6% | 3.9% | 3.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% |
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | ||
| 2.2% | 1.5% | 2.2% | 2.5% | 1.5% |
*Estimate
GDP per capita - current prices
USD 48,264.0 (2018, estimate)
GDP (PPP) - share of world total
| 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2019* |
| 6.54% | 5.96% | 4.82% | 3.63% | 3.1% |
*Estimate
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 0.7%
- industry: 28%
- services: 61.5%
(2018 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)
3% (2017)
OECD, data retrieved October 2019
Inflation
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
| 0.7% | 0.4% | 1.7% | 1.9% | 1.5% |
*Estimate
Unemployment rate
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
| 4.6% | 4.2% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 3.2% |
*Estimate
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
| 72% | 69.1% | 65.2% | 61.7% | 58.6% |
*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
| 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.9% | 1.1% |
*Estimate
Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: AAA
Moody's: Aaa
Standard & Poor's / Moody's
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Market value of publicly traded shares
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 1,1716.0 billion | USD 2,262.2 billion | USD 1,755.2 billion |
Largest companies
Evonik, RWE Group, Porsche Automobil Holding, Deutsche Boerse, Uniper, Covestro, Infineon Technologies, EnBW-Energie Baden, Deutsche Wohnen, ThyssenKrupp Group, Beiersdorf, TUI, Schaeffler, Knorr-Bremse, Metro Group, Brenntag, Volkswagen Group, Allianz, Daimler, BMW Group, Siemens, BASF, Deutsche Telekom, Munich Re, Bayer, SAP, Deutsche Post, Continental, Fresenius, E.ON, Henkel, Deutsche Lufthansa, Adidas, HeidelbergCement, Talanx, Commerzbank, Deutsche Bank, Merck, Vonovia, Wuestenrot & Wuerttembergische, KION Group, Ceconomy, HELLA, MTU Aero Engines AG, LEG Immobilien AG, Deutsche Pfandbriefbank, BayWa, Wirecard, Aareal Bank, Nuernberger Beteiligungs, Zalando, Fraport, Lanxess
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP
7.3 % (2018 estimate)
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
47% (2018)
Shares in world total merchandising export
8.01% (2018)
Shares in world total commercial services export
5.64% (2018)
Export commodities
Motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products
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Import commodities
Machinery, data processing equipment, vehicles, chemicals, oil and gas, metals, electric equipment, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, agricultural products
Exports - major partners
US 8.8%, France 8.2%, China 6.8%, Netherlands 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Italy 5.1%, Austria 4.9%, Poland 4.7%, Switzerland 4.2% (2017)
Imports - major partners
Netherlands 13.8%, China 7%, France 6.6%, Belgium 5.9%, Italy 5.4%, Poland 5.4%, Czechia 4.8%, US 4.5%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2017)
FDI inflows
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 23,500 million | USD 36,931 million | USD 25,706 million |
FDI outflows
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 71,244 million | USD 91,799 million | USD 77,076 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 47,640 million |
USD -6,559 million |
USD 31,879 million | USD 72,812 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
Bayer AG, Merck & Co Inc-Consumer Care Business, United States, USD 14.2 billion / Telefonica Deutschland Holding AG, E-Plus Mobilfunk GmbH & Co KG, Germany, USD 11.2 billion / Volkswagen AG, Scania AB, Sweden, USD 9.1 billion / Kronen Tausend985 GmbH, Sky Deutschland AG, Germany, USD 4.9 billion / Dragonfly GmbH & Co KgaA, Celesio AG, Germany, USD 4.8 billion / TUI AG, TUI Travel PLC, United Kingdom, USD 4.6 billion
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
Merck KGaA, Sigma-Aldrich Corp, United States, USD 16.9 billion / ZF Friedrichshafen AG, TRW Automotive Holdings Corp, United States, USD 12.5 billion / Deutsche Annington Immobilien SE, Gagfah SA, Luxembourg, USD 10.4 billion / Siemens AG, Dresser-Ran
Best countries for doing business
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Overall ranking:
22 out of 190 countries
Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 125 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 30 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 5 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 76 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 48 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 61 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 46 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 42 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 13 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 4 out of 190 countries
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Global competitiveness ranking
7 out of 141 countries
(2019)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 24 / Score: 73.5 (Mostly free)
(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)
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Religions
Roman Catholic 28.2%, Protestant 26%, Muslim 5%, Orthodox 1.9%, other Christian 1.1%, other .9%, none 37% (2017 est.)
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015* | 2020* |
| 78.95 million | 81.46 million | 80.29 million | 81.96 million | 82.98 million |
*Estimate
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2018 |
| 71.4% | 72.8% | 75% | 77.3% |
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day
0% (last available estimate, 2015)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
31.7 (last available estimate, 2015)
(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Source
Freedom House rating
Free
Political Rights: 1
Civil Liberties: 1 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
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Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed: 51.7%
Mobile: 129.3%
(2018)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
Mercer Cost of living index
Munich: 67th
Frankfurt: 74th
Berlin: 81st
Düsseldorf: 92nd
Hamburg: 100th
Stuttgart: 126th
Nürnberg: 151st
Leipzig: 156th
(2019)
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