Source
Central bank

Bank of Italy

International Reserves

USD 210.69 billion (2020)
World Bank, last updated 12/16/2021

Gross Domestic Product - GDP

USD 2,072.2 billion (2018, estimate)

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

USD 2,120.23 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

Real GDP growth
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
1.7% 0.9% 0.3% –8.9% 5.8%

*Estimate

GDP per capita - current prices

USD 35,584.88 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

GDP per capita - PPP

USD 45,267.35 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

GDP (PPP) - share of world total

1.87% (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

 
 
Source
GDP - composition by sector
  • agriculture: 2.0% 
  • industry: 21.5% 
  • services: 66.8%

(2020)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)

1.5% (2019)

Inflation
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
1.3% 1.2% 0.6% –0.1% 1.7%

*Estimate

Unemployment rate
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
11.3% 10.7% 10% 9.3% 10.3%

*Estimate

Household saving rates

10.2% (2020)

Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
134.1% 134.4% 134.6% 155.8% 154.8%

*Estimate

Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
1.2% 1.3% 1.7% –6.2% –7.1%

*Estimate

Government bond ratings

Standard & Poor's: BBB

Moody's: Baa3

Standard & Poor's / Moody's (January 2022)

Market value of publicly traded shares

USD 587.3 billion (2014)

Largest companies

Enel, Intesa Sanpaolo, Generali Group, Poste Italiane, Telecom Italia, Eni, UniCredit, Unipol Gruppo, Snam, Atlantia, Mediobanca, Terna, Ferrari, Leonardo, Banca Mediolanum, Banco BPM, FinecoBank, Banca MPS, BPER Banca, Credito Emiliano, A2A, Banca Popolare di Sondrio, Cattolica Assicurazioni
Forbes Global 2000 (2021)

 
 
Source
Current account balance

USD 78.8 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

Current account balance by percentage of GDP

3.7% (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)

29.4% (2020)

Shares in world total merchandising export

2.8% (2020)

Shares in world total commercial services export

1.7% (2020)

Total exports

USD 556.9 billion (2020 estimate)

Export commodities

Packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, valves, trunks/cases, wine (2019)

Total imports

USD 485.9 billion (2020 estimate)

 
 
Source
Import commodities

Crude petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, natural gas, refined petroleum (2019)

Exports - major partners

Germany 12%, France 11%, United States 10%, United Kingdom 5%, Spain 5%, Switzerland 5% (2019)

Imports - major partners

Germany 16%, France 9%, China 7%, Spain 5%, Netherlands 5%, Belgium 5% (2019)

FDI inflows
2019 2020 2021
USD 37.7 billion USD 18. billion USD –388 million
FDI outflows
2019 2020 2021
USD 32.8 billion USD 19.8 billion USD 10.4 billion
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
2018 2019 2020 2021
USD –5 billion USD 34.3 billion USD 5.7 billion USD 5.7 billion
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014

N/A

Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015

N/A

Best countries for doing business

Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking: 58 out of 190 countries

Subcategories:

Starting a Business: 98 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 97 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 38 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 26 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 119 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 51 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 128 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 1 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 122 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 21 out of 190 countries
World Bank - Doing Business 2020

Global competitiveness ranking

80 out of 141 (2019)

Index of Economic Freedom

Ranking: 57 / Score: 65.4 (Moderately Free)

The Heritage Foundation - 2022 Index of Economic Freedom

 
 
Source
Time zone

UTC+1

Total area

301,340 sq km

Capital

Rome

Currency

Euros (EUR)

Government type

Parliamentary republic

Languages

Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)

Religions

Christian 83.3% (overwhelmingly Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehovah's Witnesses and Protestants), Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated 12.4%, other 0.6% (2010 est.)

Total population
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020*
56.69 million 56.92 million 59.71 million 60.8 million 60.23 million

*Estimate

 
 
Source
Urban population as % of total population
1960 1980 2000 2018
59.4% 66.6% 67.2% 70.4%
Population median age

45.8

Population growth rate

0.16% (2018 estimate)

Life expectancy

82.4 years (2018 estimate)

Literacy

Total population: 99.2% 
Male: 99.4% 
Female: 99%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

% of population living on less than $3.10 a day

N/A

Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)

35.4 (2015)

(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)

Freedom House rating

Political Rights: 1
Civil Liberties: 1 (2019)                         

(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)

Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population

Fixed: 33.6% Mobile: 137.5% (2018) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)

Internet users as % of total population

74.39 % (2018)

Mercer Cost of living index

Milan: 45th
Rome: 55th

(2019)

CO2 emissions

5.27 metric tons per capita (2014)

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