Kazakhstan Enters An Unstable Era
Protests over energy prices turned violent and Russian troops intervened to restore the status quo.
Kazakhstan GDP and Economic Data
Includes Kazakhstan real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Kazakhstan economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Kazakhstan best banks and safest banks are also available.
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Real GDP growth
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 4.1% | 4.1% | 4.5% | -2.6% | 3.3% |
*Estimate
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 5.3%
- industry: 33.1%
- services: 55.8%
(2016 estimate)
Inflation
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 7.4% | 6.0% | 5.2% | 6.8% | 7.5% |
*Estimate
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Unemployment rate
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 4.9% | 4.9% | 4.8% | 4.9% | 4.8% |
*Estimate
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Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 19.9% | 20.3% | 19.9% | 26.3% | 25.2% |
*Estimate
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Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| -5.2% | 1.8% | -0.8% | -7.7% | -3.4% |
*Estimate
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Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: BBB–
Moody's: Baa2
Standard & Poor's / Moody's (Updated January 2017)
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Market value of publicly traded shares
USD 45.2 billion (2020)
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Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
28.5% (2015)
Shares in world total merchandising export
0.3% (2015)
Shares in world total commercial services export
0.1% (2015)
Export commodities
Oil and oil products, natural gas, ferrous metals, chemicals, machinery, grain, wool, meat, coal
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Import commodities
Machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs
Exports - major partners
China 15.1%, Russia 12.3%, France 9.2%, Germany 7.9%, Italy 6.7%, Greece 4.1% (2015)
Imports - major partners
Russia 32.9%, China 25.9%, Germany 4.2% (2015)
FDI inflows
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 10,321 million | USD 8,406 million | USD 4,021 million |
FDI outflows
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 2,287 million | USD 3,639 million | USD 616 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD -31.6 million | N/A | USD -1.3 million | USD 1.3 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
N/A
Best countries for doing business
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Overall ranking: 35 out of 190 countries (2017)
Subcategories:
Starting a business: 45 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 9 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 18 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 75 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 3 out of 190 countries
Trading Across Borders: 119 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 60 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 22 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 75 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 37 out of 190 countries
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Global competitiveness ranking
53 out of 138 countries
(2016-2017)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 68 / Score: 63.61 (Moderately free) (2016)
(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)
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Languages
Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 74% (understand spoken language), Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 94.4% (understand spoken language (2009 est.)
Religions
Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.)
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016* | 2021* |
| N/A | 14.866 million | 16.434 million | 17.947 million | 19.331 million |
*Estimate
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2015 |
| 44% | 54% | 56% | 53% |
Literacy
Total population: 99.8%
Male: 99.8%
Female: 99.8% (2015 est.)
(age 15 and over can read and write)
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day
0.1% (2013)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
26.3 (2013)
(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
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Freedom House rating
Political Rights: 7
Civil Liberties: 5 (2017)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
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Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed 24.73% Mobile 156.88% (2015)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)