Includes Kazakhstan real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Kazakhstan economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Kazakhstan best banks and safest banks are also available.
Basic Information
Government Type: Presidential republic
Capital City: Astana
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
Central Bank |
National Bank of Kazakhstan |
---|---|
Currency |
Tenge (KZT) |
International Reserves |
USD 35.64 billion (2020) |
Gross Domestic Product – GDP | USD 194.02 billion (2021 estimate) |
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) | USD 536.34 billion (2021 estimate) |
GDP Data
Real GDP growth |
2017 4.1% 2018 4.1% 2019 4.5% 2020 -2.6% 2021 3.3% *Estimate |
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GDP per capita – current prices | USD 10,144.68 (2021 estimate) |
GDP per capita – PPP | USD 28,042.65 (2021 estimate) |
GDP (PPP) – share of world total |
USD 0.37% (2021 estimate) |
GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 5.3% industry: 33.1% services: 55.8% (2016 estimate) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) | N/A |
Inflation |
2017 7.4% 2018 6.0% 2019 5.2% 2020 6.8% 2021 7.5% *Estimate |
Kazakhstan
Inflation & Debt
Inflation |
2017 7.4% 2018 6.0% 2019 5.2% 2020 6.8% 2021 7.5% *Estimate |
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Government Bond Ratings |
Standard & Poor’s: BBB– Moody’s: Baa2 Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s (Updated January 2017) |
Unemployment rate |
2017 4.9% 2018 4.9% 2019 4.8% 2020 4.9% 2021 4.8% *Estimate |
Household saving rates | N/A |
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2017 19.9% 2018 20.3% 2019 19.9% 2020 26.3% 2021 25.2% *Estimate |
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2017 -5.2% 2018 1.8% 2019 -0.8% 2020 -7.7% 2021 -3.4% *Estimate |
Market value of publicly traded shares | USD 45.2 billion (2020) |
Largest Companies | Halyk Bank |
Import/Export
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) |
5.9% (2017) |
---|---|
Shares in world total merchandising export |
0.004% (2018) |
Shares in world total commercial services export |
0.008% (2018) |
Total exports |
USD 1.6 billion (2018 estimate) |
Export commodities |
Opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems, and medical herbs |
Total imports |
USD 8.3 billion (2018 estimate) |
Import commodities |
Machinery and other capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products |
Exports – major partners |
India 56.5%, Pakistan 29.6% (2017) |
Imports – major partners |
China 21%, Iran 20.5%, Pakistan 11.8%, Kazakhstan 11%, Uzbekistan 6.8%, Malaysia 5.3%(2017) |
Competitiveness & Trade
Current account balance | USD -0.03 billion (2017 estimate) |
---|---|
Current account balance by percentage of GDP | 0.0% (2017 estimate) |
FDI inflows |
2013 USD 10,321 million 2014 USD 8,406 million 2015 USD 4,021 million |
FDI Outflows |
2013 USD 2,287 million 2014 USD 3,639 million 2015 USD 616 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser |
2012 USD -31.6 million 2013 N/A 2014 USD -1.3 million 2015 USD 1.3 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 | N/A |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 | N/A |
Best countries for doing business |
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. Overall ranking: 35 out of 190 countries (2017) Subcategories: Starting a business: 45 out of 190 countries Enforcing Contracts: 9 out of 190 countries Registering Property: 18 out of 190 countries Getting Credit: 75 out of 190 countries Protecting Minority Investors: 3 out of 190 countries Trading Across Borders: 119 out of 190 countries Paying Taxes: 60 out of 190 countries Dealing with Construction Permits: 22 out of 190 countries Getting Electricity: 75 out of 190 countries Resolving Insolvency: 37 out of 190 countries |
Global competitiveness ranking |
53 out of 138 countries (2016-2017) |
Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 68 / Score: 63.61 (Moderately free) (2016) (100=totally free 0=totally repressed) |
Population & Geographic Data
Time Zone |
UTC+6 |
---|---|
Total Area | 2,724,900 sq km |
Total Population |
1990 N/A 2000 14.866 million 2010 16.434 million 2016 17.947 million 2021 19.331 million *Estimate |
Urban population as % of total population |
1960 44% 1980 54% 2000 56% 2015 53% |
Population median age | 30.3 years (2016 estimate) |
Population growth rate | 1.09% (2016 estimate) |
Life expectancy | 70.8 years (2016 estimate) |
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day | 0.1% (2013) |
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) |
26.3 (2013) (0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality) |
Freedom House rating |
Political Rights: 7 Civil Liberties: 5 (2017) (1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating) |
Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed 24.73% Mobile 156.88% (2015) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
Internet users as % of total population |
70.83% (2015) |
Language & Religon
Languages | Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 74% (understand spoken language), Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the “language of interethnic communication”) 94.4% (understand spoken language (2009 est.) |
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Literacy |
Total population: 99.8% Male: 99.8% Female: 99.8% (2015 est.) (age 15 and over can read and write) |
Religions | Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.) |
World Rankings
Population | 19.331 M |
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Mercer Cost of living index | Almaty: 196th (2016) |
C02 Emissions per capita | 15.4 (2013) |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Kazakhstan
Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.
Data Sources:
IMF World Economic Outlook
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000