Source
Central bank

Central Bank of Luxembourg

International Reserves

USD 2.92 billion (2021)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved January 2022

Gross Domestic Product - GDP

USD 83.77 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

USD 80.75 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

Real GDP growth
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
1.8% 3.1% 2.3% –1.3% 5.5%

*Estimate

GDP per capita - current prices

USD 131,301.60 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

GDP per capita - PPP

USD 126,568.69 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021

GDP (PPP) - share of world total
0.06% (2021 estimate)
 
 
Source
GDP - composition by sector
  • agriculture: 0.2% 
  • industry: 10.7% 
  • services: 80.1%

(2020 estimate)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)

1.1% (2019)

Inflation
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
2.1% 2.0% 1.7% 0% 2.7%

*Estimate

Unemployment rate
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
5.8% 5.1% 5.4% 6.3% 5.6%

*Estimate

Household saving rates

18.1% (2020)

 

Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
22.3% 21% 22% -24.8% 26.3%

*Estimate

Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021*
1.1% 2.8% 2.2% –4.3% –1.6%

*Estimate

Government bond ratings

Standard & Poor's: AAA

Moody's: Aaa

Standard & Poor's / Moody's (January 2022)

Market value of publicly traded shares
USD 51.6 billion (2020)
Largest companies

ArcelorMittal, Spotify Technology, Eurofins Scientific Societe Europeenne, Aroundtown, Ternium, RTL Group

 
 
Source
Current account balance

USD 3.3 billion (2018 estimate)

Current account balance by percentage of GDP

4.7 % (2018 estimate)

Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)

224.8% (2018)

Shares in world total merchandising export

0.08% (2018)

Shares in world total commercial services export

1.95% (2018)

Total exports

USD 135.2 billion (2018 estimate)

Export commodities

Machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass

Total imports

USD 111.7 billion (2018 estimate)

 
 
Source
Import commodities

Commercial aircraft, minerals, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, luxury consumer goods

Exports - major partners

Germany 25.6%, Belgium 17.6%, France 14%, Netherlands 5.1%, Italy 4.1%, UK 4.1% (2017)

Imports - major partners

Belgium 32%, Germany 24.9%, France 11.1%, US 5.7%, Netherlands 4.9% (2017)

FDI inflows
2016 2017 2018
USD 31,878 million USD -6,799 million USD -5,615 million
FDI outflows
2016 2017 2018
USD 30,150 million USD 34,679 million USD 1,373 million
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
2015 2016 2017 2018
USD 17,503 million USD 9,641 million USD 9,938 million USD -262 million
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014

N/A

Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015

N/A

Best countries for doing business

Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking:

72 out of 190 countries

​Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 76 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 14 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 45 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 93 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 176 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 97 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 23 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 1 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 18 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 93 out of 190 countries

Global competitiveness ranking

18 out of 141 countries

(2019)

Index of Economic Freedom

Ranking: 17 / Score: 75.9 (Mostly free)

(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)

 
 
Source
Time zone

UTC+1

Total area

2,586 sq km

Capital

Luxembourg 

Currency

Euros (EUR) 

Government type

Constitutional monarchy

Languages

Luxembourgish (official administrative and judicial language and national language (spoken vernacular)) 55.8%, Portuguese 15.7%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 12.1%, German (official administrative and judicial langu

Religions

Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 70.4%, Muslim 2.3%, other (includes Buddhist, folk religions, Hindu, Jewish) 0.5%, none 26.8% (2010 est.)

Total population
1990 2000 2010 2015* 2020*
0.38 million 0.43 million 0.5 million 0.56 million 0.63 million

*Estimate  

 
 
Source
Urban population as % of total population
1960 1980 2000 2018
69.6% 80% 84.2% 91%
Population median age

39.3 years

Population growth rate

1.9% (2018 estimate)

Life expectancy

82.4 years (2018 estimate)

Literacy

N/A

% of population living on less than $3.10 a day

0.5% (last available estimate, 2015)

Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)

33.8 (last available estimate, 2015)

(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)

Freedom House rating

Free
Political Rights: 1
Civil Liberties: 1 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)

Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population

Fixed: 45.3% Mobile: 132.2% (2018) 
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)

Internet users as % of total population

97.06 % (2018)

Mercer Cost of living index

Luxembourg: 84th (2019)

CO2 emissions

17.36 metric tons per capita (2014)

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