Includes Moldova real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Moldova economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Moldova best banks and safest banks are also available.
Basic Information
Government Type: Parliamentary republic
Capital City: Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian)
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
National Bank of Moldova | National Bank of Moldova |
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Currency | Moldovan lei (MDL) |
International Reserves |
USD 3.78 billion (2020) World Bank, last updated 12/16/2021 |
Gross Domestic Product – GDP |
USD 12.40 billion (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) |
USD 36.89 billion (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
GDP Data
Real GDP growth |
2017 4.7 4.7% 2018 4.3% 2019 3.7% 2020* -7% 2021* 4.5% *Estimate |
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GDP per capita – current prices | USD 4,791.63 (2021 estimate) |
GDP per capita – PPP | USD 14,257.81 (2021 estimate) |
GDP (PPP) – share of world total | 0.03% (2021 estimate) |
GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 9.5% industry: 23.3% services: 54.2% (2018 estimate) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) | N/A |
Inflation |
2017 6.5% 2018 3.6% 2019 4.3% 2020* 4.4% 2021* 3% *Estimate |
Moldova
Inflation & Debt
Inflation |
2017 6.5% 2018 3.6% 2019 4.3% 2020* 4.4% 2021* 3% *Estimate |
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Government Bond Ratings |
Standard & Poor’s: N/A Moody’s: B3 Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s |
Unemployment rate |
2017 4.1% 2018 3.1% 2019 5.1% 2020* 8% 2021* 5.5% *Estimate |
Household saving rates | N/A |
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2017 34.3% 2018 31.2% 2019 28.3% 2020* 34.8% 2021* 38.1% *Estimate |
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2017 0.5% 2018 0% 2019 –0.7% 2020* -4.3% 2021* -3.3% *Estimate |
Market value of publicly traded shares | N/A |
Largest Companies | N/A |
Import/Export
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) |
26.5% (2020) World Bank – World Development Indicators (updated Feb 2022) |
---|---|
Shares in world total merchandising export |
0.01% (2020) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Shares in world total commercial services export |
0.02% (2020) Compiled by GFMag – Based on World Bank – World Development Indicators |
Total exports |
USD 3.2 billion (2020 estimate) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Export commodities | Insulated wiring, sunflower seeds, wine, corn, seats (2019) |
Total imports |
USD 5.9 billion (2020 estimate) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Import commodities | Refined petroleum, cars, insulated wiring, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment (2019) |
Exports – major partners | Romania 27%, Russia 9%, Italy 9%, Germany 9%, Turkey 6%, Poland 5% (2019) |
Imports – major partners | Romania 20%, Russia 10%, Ukraine 9%, Germany 8%, China 7%, Turkey 6%, Italy 6% (2019) |
Competitiveness & Trade
Current account balance |
USD -1 billion (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021 |
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP |
-8.5% (2021 estimate) IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2 |
FDI inflows |
2019 USD 292 million 2020 USD 503 million 2021 USD 55 million |
FDI Outflows |
2019 USD 38 million 2020 USD 42 million 2021 USD –12 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser | N/A |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 | N/A |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 | N/A |
Best countries for doing business |
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. Overall ranking: Starting a Business: 13 out of 190 countries Dealing with Construction Permits: 156 out of 190 countries Getting Electricity: 84 out of 190 countries Registering Property: 22 out of 190 countries Getting Credit: 48 out of 190 countries Protecting Minority Investors: 45 out of 190 countries Paying Taxes: 33 out of 190 countries Trading across Borders: 38 out of 190 countries Enforcing Contracts: 62 out of 190 countries Resolving Insolvency: 67 out of 190 countries World Bank – Doing Business 2020 |
Global competitiveness ranking |
102 out of 141 countries (2019) |
Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 78 / Score: 61.3 (Moderately Free) The Heritage Foundation – 2022 Index of Economic Freedom |
Population & Geographic Data
Total Area |
33,851 sq km |
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Total Population |
1990 3.0 Million 2000 2.9 Million 2010 2.9 Million 2015 2.8 Million 2020 2.6 Million |
Urban population as % of total population |
1960 23.4% 1980 40.4% 2000 44.6% 2020 42.8% |
Population median age | 37.7 (2022 estimate) |
Population growth rate | -1.12% (2022 est.) |
Life expectancy | 72.4 years (2022 est.) |
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day | 10.5% (last available estimate, 2019) |
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) | 26.0 (last available estimate, 2019) |
Freedom House rating |
Total score: 62/100 Status: Partly Free Political Rights: 27/40 Civil Liberties: 35/60 (2022) |
Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed: 25.5% Mobile: 84.8% (2020) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
Internet users as % of total population | 76.1% (2017) |
Language & Religon
Languages | Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% identify their mother tongue as Moldovan, which is virtually the same as Romanian; 23.5% identify Romanian as their mother tongue), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014 est.); note – data represent mother tongue |
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Literacy |
Total population: 99.4% Male: 99.7% Female: 99.1% (2015) Definition: age 15 and over can read and write |
Religions | Orthodox 90.1%, other Christian 2.6%, other 0.1%, agnostic <.1%, atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.9% (2014 est.) |
World Rankings
Population | 2.6 million |
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Mercer Cost of living index | N/A |
C02 Emissions per capita |
3.2 metric tons per capita (2018) |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Moldova
Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.
Data Sources:
IMF World Economic Outlook
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000