Includes Peru real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Peru economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Peru best banks and safest banks are also available.
Basic Information
Government Type: Presidential republic
Capital City: Lima
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
Central Bank | Central Reserve Bank of Peru |
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Currency | Nuevo sol (PEN) |
International Reserves |
USD 59.7 billion (2018) International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019 |
Gross Domestic Product – GDP | USD 225.2 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) | Intl$ 457.5 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP Data
Real GDP growth |
2007 8.5% 2008 9.1% 2009 1% 2010 8.5% 2011 6.5% 2012 6% 2013 5.8% 2014 2.4% 2015 3.3% 2016 4% 2017 2.5% 2018* 4% *Estimate |
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GDP per capita – current prices | USD 7,002.1 (2018, estimate) |
GDP per capita – PPP | Intl$ 14,224.3 (2018, estimate) |
GDP (PPP) – share of world total |
1980 0.42% 1990 0.27% 2000 0.28% 2010 0.33% 2019* 0.34% |
GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 6.7% industry: 31.2% services: 54.1% (2017 estimate) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) | N/A |
Inflation |
2015 3.5% 2016 3.6% 2017 2.8% 2018* 1.3% 2019* 2.2% *Estimate |
Peru
Inflation & Debt
Inflation |
2015 3.5% 2016 3.6% 2017 2.8% 2018* 1.3% 2019* 2.2% *Estimate |
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Government Bond Ratings |
Standard & Poor’s: BBB+ Moody’s: A3 Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s |
Unemployment rate |
2015 6.5% 2016 6.7% 2017 6.9% 2018* 6.7% 2019* 6.7% *Estimate |
Household saving rates | N/A |
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2015 24.1% 2016 24.5% 2017 25.4% 2018* 26.2% 2019* 26.9% *Estimate |
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2015 -2.1% 2016 -2.3% 2017 -2.9% 2018* -2% 2019* -1.5% *Estimate |
Market value of publicly traded shares |
2016 USD 81.1 billion 2017 USD 99.2 billion 2018 USD 93.4 billion |
Largest Companies | Credicorp, BBVA Banco Continental |
Import/Export
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) | 25.2% (2018) |
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Shares in world total merchandising export | 0.25% (2018) |
Shares in world total commercial services export | 0.12% (2018) |
Total exports | USD 55.9 billion (2018 estimate) |
Export commodities | Copper, gold, lead, zinc, tin, iron ore, molybdenum, silver; crude petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas; coffee, asparagus and other vegetables, fruit, apparel and textiles, fishmeal, fish, chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery, alloys |
Total imports |
USD 51.3 billion (2018 estimate) |
Import commodities | Petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, plastics, machinery, vehicles, tv sets, power shovels, front-end loaders, telephones and telecommunication equipment, iron and steel, wheat, corn, soybean products, paper, cotton, vaccines and medicines |
Exports – major partners |
IChina 26.5%, US 15.2%, Switzerland 5.2%, South Korea 4.4%, Spain 4.1%, India 4.1% (2017) |
Imports – major partners | China 22.3%, US 20.1%, Brazil 6%, Mexico 4.4% (2017) |
Competitiveness & Trade
Current account balance | USD -3.6 billion (2018 estimate) |
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP | -1.6 % (2018 estimate) |
FDI inflows |
2016 USD 6,863 million 2017 USD 6,769 million 2018 USD 6,175 million |
FDI Outflows |
2016 USD 1,156 million 2017 USD 500 million 2018 USD 19 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser |
2015 USD 178 million 2016 USD -6 million 2017 N/A 2018 USD 21 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 | N/A |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 | N/A |
Best countries for doing business |
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. Overall ranking: 76 out of 190 countries Subcategories: Starting a Business: 133 out of 190 countries Dealing with Construction Permits: 65 out of 190 countries Getting Electricity: 88 out of 190 countries Registering Property: 55 out of 190 countries Getting Credit: 37 out of 190 countries Protecting Minority Investors: 45 out of 190 countries Paying Taxes: 121 out of 190 countries Trading across Borders: 102 out of 190 countries Enforcing Contracts: 83 out of 190 countries Resolving Insolvency: 90 out of 190 countries |
Global competitiveness ranking |
65 out of 141 countries (2019) |
Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 45 / Score: 67.8 (Moderately free) (100=totally free 0=totally repressed) |
Population & Geographic Data
Total Area | 1,285,216 sq km |
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Total Population |
1990 21.77 Million 2000 25.98 Million 2010 29.46 Million 2015 31.15 Million 2020* 32.82 Million *Estimate |
Urban population as % of total population |
1960 46.8% 1980 64.6% 2000 73% 2018 77.9% |
Population median age | 28.4 years |
Population growth rate | 0.94% (2018 estimate) |
Life expectancy | 74.2 years (2018 estimate) |
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day | 9.8% (last available estimate, 2017) |
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) |
43.3 (last available estimate, 2017) (0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality) |
Freedom House rating |
Free Political Rights: 2 Civil Liberties: 3 (2019) (1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating) |
Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed: 9.8% Mobile: 123.8% (2017) ( fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
Internet users as % of total population | 52.54 % (2018) |
Language & Religon
Languages | Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other (includes foreign languages and sign language) 0.2%, none .1%, unspecifie |
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Literacy |
Total population: 94.2% Male: 97.2% Female: 91.2% Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2016 est.) |
Religions |
Roman Catholic 60%, Christian 14.6% (includes evangelical 11.1%, other 3.5%), other .3%, none 4%, unspecified 21.1% (2017 est.) |
World Rankings
Population | 32.82 million |
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Mercer Cost of living index | Lima: 121st (2019) |
C02 Emissions per capita | 2.05 metric tons per capita (2014) |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Peru
Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.
Data Sources:
IMF World Economic Outlook
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000