Duda Squeaks Back In
Divided Poland narrowly re-elects the Law and Justice party president.
Poland GDP and Economic Data
Includes Poland real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Poland economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Poland best banks and safest banks are also available.
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International Reserves
USD 154.22 billion (2020)
World Bank, last updated 12/16/2021
Gross Domestic Product - GDP
USD 655.33 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
USD 1,412.30 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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Real GDP growth
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021* |
| 4.8% | 5.4% | 4.7% | –2.7% | 5.1% |
*Estimate
Source
GDP per capita - current prices
USD 17,318.50 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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GDP per capita - PPP
USD 37,322.87 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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GDP (PPP) - share of world total
0.98% (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 2.4%
- industry: 28.2%
- services: 57.5%
(2020 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)
1.3% (2019)
OECD, retrieved January 2022
Inflation
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021* |
| 2% | 1.6% | 2.3% | 3.4% | 4.4% |
*Estimate
Source
Unemployment rate
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2020 | 2021* |
| 4.9% | 3.8% | 3.3% | 3.2% | 3.5% |
*Estimate
Source
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021* |
| 50.6% | 48.8% | 45.7% | 57.5% | 55.5% |
*Estimate
Source
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021* |
| 0.1% | 1.2% | 0.7% | –5.7% | –3.1% |
*Estimate
Source
Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: A–
Moody's: A2
Standard & Poor's / Moody's (January 2022)
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Market value of publicly traded shares
USD 177.5 billion (2020)
World Bank / Market capitalization
Largest companies
Pgnig Group, PKN Orlen, Grupa PZU, PKO Bank Polski, PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna, Bank Pekao, KGHM Polska Miedz
Forbes Global 2000 (2021)
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Current account balance
USD 14.8 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP
2.3% (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
Source
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
56.2% (2020)
World Bank - World Development Indicators (updated Feb 2022)
Shares in world total merchandising export
1.5% (2020)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Shares in world total commercial services export
1.3% (2020)
Total exports
USD 333 billion (2020 estimate)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Export commodities
Cars and vehicle parts, seats, furniture, computers, video displays (2019)
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Import commodities
Cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts (2019)
Exports - major partners
Germany 27%, Czechia 6%, United Kingdom 6%, France 6%, Italy 5% (2019)
Imports - major partners
Germany 25%, China 10%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2019)
FDI inflows
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| USD 16 billion | USD 10.9 billion | USD 10.1 billion |
FDI outflows
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| USD 891 million | USD 1.3 billion | USD 1.8 billion |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| USD 131 million | USD 1.8 billion | USD 463 million | USD –91 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
N/A
Best countries for doing business
Overall ranking: 40 out of 190 countries (2020)
Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 128 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 39 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 60 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 92 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 37 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 51 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 77 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 1 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 55 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 25 out of 190 countries
World Bank - Doing Business 2020
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Global competitiveness ranking
34 out of 141 countries
World Economic Forum - The Global Competitiveness Index 2019
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 39 / Score: 68.7 (Moderately Free)
The Heritage Foundation - 2022 Index of Economic Freedom
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Languages
Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)
Religions
Catholic 85% (includes Roman Catholic 84.8% and other Catholic 0.3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentecostal), other 0.3% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Church of Jesus Christ), unspecified 12.9% (2020 est.)
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 |
| 38.1 million | 38.3 million | 38 million | 38 million | 38 million |
*Estimate
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2018 |
| 47.9% | 58.1% | 61.7% | 60.0% |
Literacy
Total population: 99.8%
Male: 99.9%
Female: 99.7% (2015)
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day
0.4% (last available estimate, 2018)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
30.2 (last available estimate, 2018)
Source
Freedom House rating
Total score: 81/100
Status: Free
Political Rights: 34/40
Civil Liberties: 47/60 (2022)
Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed: 15.3%
Mobile: 130.4% (2020) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
CO2 emissions
8.2 metric tons per capita (2018)
World Bank / CO2 emissions
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