Duda Squeaks Back In
Divided Poland narrowly re-elects the Law and Justice party president.
Poland GDP and Economic Data
Includes Poland real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Poland economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Poland best banks and safest banks are also available.
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International Reserves
USD 117.0 billion (2018)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019
Gross Domestic Product - GDP
USD 586.0 billion (2018, estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2019
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
Intl$ 1,212.9 billion (2018, estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2019
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Real GDP growth
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017* | 2018* |
| 3.3% | 3.8% | 3.1% | 4.8% | 5.1% |
*Estimate
Source
GDP per capita - current prices
USD 15,430.9 (2018, estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2019
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GDP per capita - PPP
Intl$ 31,938.7 (2018, estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2019
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 2.4%
- industry: 40.2%
- services: 57.4%
(2016 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)
1% (2017)
OECD, retrieved October 2019
Inflation
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017* | 2018* |
| -0.9% | -0.6% | 2.0% | 1.6% | 2.4% |
*Estimate
Source
Unemployment rate
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017* | 2018* |
| 1.8% | 1.2% | 0.4% | 1.4% | 0.8% |
*Estimate
Source
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017* | 2018* |
| 51.3% | 54.2% | 50.6% | 48.9% | 47.8% |
*Estimate
Source
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017* | 2018* |
| -2.7% | -2.2% | -1.5% | -0.4% | -1.5% |
*Estimate
Source
Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: A–
Moody's: A2
Standard & Poor's / Moody's (Updated as of January 24th 2017)
Source
Market value of publicly traded shares
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 138.7 billion | USD 201.4 billion | USD 160.5 billion |
Largest companies
PKN Orlen, Grupa PZU, PKO Bank Polski, Pgnig Group, Bank Pekao, PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna, Grupa LOTOS
Forbes Global 2000 (2019)
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Current account balance
USD -3.3 billion (2018 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2019
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP
-0.6 % (2018 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2019
Source
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
55.3% (2018)
World Bank - World Development Indicators (updated Oct 2019)
Shares in world total merchandising export
1.34% (2018)
World Trade Organization
Shares in world total commercial services export
1.20% (2018)
World Trade Organization
Total exports
USD 323.2 billion (2018 estimate)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Export commodities
Machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% (2012 est.)
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Import commodities
Machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% (2011 est.)
Exports - major partners
Germany 27.4%, Czech Republic 6.4%, UK 6.4%, France 5.6%, Italy 4.9%, Netherlands 4.4%(2017)
Imports - major partners
Germany 27.9%, China 8%, Russia 6.4%, Netherlands 6%, Italy 5.3%, France 4.2%, Czech Republic 4% (2017)
FDI inflows
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 15,690 million | USD 9,179 million | USD 11,476 million |
FDI outflows
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 11,600 million | USD 2,770 million | USD 864 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| USD 520 million | USD 316 million | USD 131 million | USD 1928 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
N/A
Best countries for doing business
Overall ranking: 40 out of 190 countries (2019)
Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 128 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 55 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 39 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 60 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 92 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 37 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 51 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 77 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 1 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 55 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 25 out of 190 countries
World Bank - Doing Business 2019
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Global competitiveness ranking
37 out of 141 countries
World Economic Forum - The Global Competitiveness Index 2019
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 46 / Score: 67.8 (Moderately free)
(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)
Source
Source
Languages
Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3% (2011 est.)
Religions
Catholic 87.2% (includes Roman Catholic 86.9% and Greek Catholic, Armenian Catholic, and Byzantine-Slavic Catholic .3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentacostal), other 0.4% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Mormon), unspecified 10.8% (2012 est.)
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016* | 2021* |
| 38.186 million | 38.263 million | 38.023 million | 37.967 million | 37.912 million |
*Estimate
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2015 |
| 48% | 58% | 62% | 61% |
Literacy
Total population: 99.8%
Male: 99.9%
Female: 99.7% (2015 est.)
(age 15 and over can read and write)
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day
0% (2014)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
32.1 (2014)
(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Source
Freedom House rating
Political Rights: 1
Civil Liberties: 2 (2017)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed 23.69% Mobile 142.69% (2015)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)