POLAND: NEW ECONOMIC GROWTH PARADIGM WANTED
Poland | Country Report
Although still outperforming most of its neighbors, Poland needs to reinvent itself if it wishes to sustain long-term growth.
Poland GDP and Economic Data
Country Report 2017 - Includes Poland real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Poland economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Poland best banks and safest banks are also available.
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International Reserves
USD 110.7 billion (2016)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved January 2017
Gross Domestic Product - GDP
USD 488.4 billion (2017, estimate)
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
Intl$ 1,111.0 billion (2017, estimate)
Real GDP growth
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| 6.2% | 7.2% | 3.9% | 2.6% | 3.7% | 5% | 1.6% |
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* | ||
| 1.3% | 3.3% | 3.7% | 3.1% | 3.4% |
*Estimate
GDP per capita - current prices
USD 12,866.7 (2017, estimate)
GDP (PPP) - share of world total
| 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2017* |
| 1.29% | 0.92% | 0.89% | 0.90% | 0.9% |
*Estimate
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 2.7%
- industry: 38.5%
- services: 58.9%
(2016 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)
0.9% (2014)
OECD, data retrieved January 2017
Inflation
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| 0.9% | 0.0% | -0.9% | -0.6% | 1.1% |
*Estimate
Unemployment rate
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| 10.3% | 9.0% | 7.5% | 6.3% | 6.2% |
*Estimate
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| 56% | 50.5% | 51.3% | 52.4% | 53.2% |
*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| -4% | -3.3% | -2.6% | -2.8% | -2.9% |
*Estimate
Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: BBB+
Moody's: A2
Standard & Poor's / Moody's (Updated as of January 24th 2017)
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Market value of publicly traded shares
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 204.5 billion | USD 168.9 billion | USD 137.8 billion |
Largest companies
PKN Orlen, PKO Bank Polski, Grupa PZU, Pgnig Group, PGE.
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP
-1.0% (2017 estimate)
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
49.6% (2015)
Shares in world total merchandising export
1.2% (2015)
Shares in world total commercial services export
0.9% (2015)
Export commodities
Machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% (2012 estimate)
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Import commodities
Machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% (2011 estimate)
Exports - major partners
Germany 27.1%, UK 6.8%, Czech Republic 6.6%, France 5.5%, Italy 4.8%, Netherlands 4.4% (2015)
Imports - major partners
Germany 27.6%, China 7.5%, Russia 7.2%, Netherlands 5.9%, Italy 5.2%, France 4.1% (2015)
FDI inflows
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 3,625 million | USD 12,531 million | USD 7,489 million |
FDI outflows
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD -451 million | USD 1,974 million | USD 2,901 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 3398.6 million | USD 301.6 million | USD 1116.4 million | USD 523.6 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
N/A
Best countries for doing business
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Overall ranking: 24 out of 190 countries (2017)
Subcategories:
Starting a business: 107 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 55 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 38 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 20 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 42 out of 190 countries
Trading Across Borders: 1 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 47 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 46 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 46 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 27 out of 190 countries
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Global competitiveness ranking
36 out of 138 countries
(2016-2017)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 39 / Score: 69.29 (Moderately free) (2017)
(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)
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Languages
Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3% (2011 est.)
Religions
Catholic 87.2% (includes Roman Catholic 86.9% and Greek Catholic, Armenian Catholic, and Byzantine-Slavic Catholic .3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentacostal), other 0.4% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Mormon), unspecified 10.8% (2012 est.)
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016* | 2021* |
| 38.186 million | 38.263 million | 38.023 million | 37.967 million | 37.912 million |
*Estimate
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2015 |
| 48% | 58% | 62% | 61% |
Literacy
Total population: 99.8%
Male: 99.9%
Female: 99.7% (2015 est.)
(age 15 and over can read and write)
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day
0% (2014)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
32.1 (2014)
(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Source
Freedom House rating
Political Rights: 1
Civil Liberties: 2 (2017)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed 23.69% Mobile 142.69% (2015)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)