
Small Is Beautiful
Encouraged by government stimulus programs, banks are finding new ways to finance SMEs. Once the economy recovers, will the surge of interest recede?
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Romania economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Romania best banks and safest banks are also available.
Frontier Markets Focus | Romania
Romania aggressively pursues foreign direct investment by providing a number of incentive programs. But international investors should approach each one carefully.
USD 42.1 billion (2018)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019
USD 239.9 billion (2018, estimate)
Intl$ 516.3 billion (2018, estimate)
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
6.9% | 9.3% | -5.5% | -3.9% | 2% | 2.1% | 3.5% |
2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | ||
3.4% | 3.9% | 4.8% | 7% | 4.1% |
*Estimate
USD 12,285.2 (2018, estimate)
1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2019* |
0.83% | 0.65% | 0.37% | 0.38% | 0.38% |
*Estimate
(2018 estimate)
0.5% (2017)
OECD, data retrieved October 2019
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
-0.6% | -1.6% | 1.3% | 4.6% | 4.2% |
*Estimate
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
6.8% | 5.9% | 4.9% | 4.2% | 4.3% |
*Estimate
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
39.4% | 38.9% | 36.9% | 36.7% | 37.4% |
*Estimate
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018* | 2019* |
-1.4% | -2.4% | -2.8% | -2.8% | -3.7% |
*Estimate
Standard & Poor's: BBB-
Moody's: Baa3
Standard & Poor's / Moody's
2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
-4.5 % (2018 estimate)
41.6% (2018)
0.41% (2018)
0.46% (2018)
Machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, agricultural products and foodstuffs, metals and metal products, chemicals, minerals and fuels, raw materials
Machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, chemicals, agricultural products and foodstuffs, fuels and minerals, metals and metal products, raw materials
Germany 23%, Italy 11.2%, France 6.8%, Hungary 4.7%, UK 4.1% (2017)
Germany 20%, Italy 10%, Hungary 7.5%, Poland 5.5%, France 5.3%, China 5%, Netherlands 4% (2017)
2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
USD 4,997 million | USD 5,406 million | USD 5,888 million |
2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
USD 4.6 million | USD -96.4 million | USD 13.1 million |
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
N/A | N/A | USD 6.3 million | USD 3.4 million |
N/A
N/A
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Overall ranking:
55 out of 190 countries
Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 91 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 147 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 157 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 46 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 25 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 61 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 32 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 1 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 19 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 56 out of 190 countries
51 out of 141 countries
(2019)
Ranking: 42 / Score: 68.6 (Moderately free)
(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)
Romanian (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)
Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (includes Muslim) 0.9%, none or atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.3% (2011 est.)
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020* |
23.4 million | 22.44 million | 20.3 million | 19.88 million | 19.52 million |
*Estimate
1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2018 |
34.2% | 46.1% | 53% | 54% |
Total population: 98.8%
Male: 99.1%
Female: 98.5%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
13.2% (last available estimate, 2015)
35.9 (last available estimate, 2015)
(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Free
Political Rights: 2
Civil Liberties: 2 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Fixed: 18.8% Mobile: 116.2% (2018)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)