Ruble’s Slide Puts Nabiullina On The Hot Seat
Russian Central Bank Governor Elvira Nabiullin deftly responded to Western sanctions over the war in Ukraine but it hasn't been enough to save the ruble.
Russia GDP and Economic Data
Includes Russia real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Russia economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Russia best banks and safest banks are also available.
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International Reserves
USD 596.77 billion (2020)
World Bank, last updated 12/16/2021
Gross Domestic Product - GDP
USD 1,647.57 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
USD 4,447.48 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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Real GDP growth
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 1.8% | 2.8% | 2% | -3% | 4.7% |
*Estimate
Source
GDP per capita - current prices
USD 11,273.24 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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GDP per capita - PPP
USD 30,431.21 (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 3.7%
- industry: 30.0%
- services: 56.3%
(2020 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)
1.0% (2019)
OECD, retrieved January 2022
Inflation
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 3.7% | 2.9% | 4.5% | 3.4% | 5.9% |
*Estimate
Source
Unemployment rate
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 5.2% | 4.8% | 4.6% | 5.8% | 4.9% |
*Estimate
Source
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 14.3% | 13.6% | 13.8% | 19.3% | 17.9% |
*Estimate
Source
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020* | 2021* |
| 1% | 3.4% | 2.2% | -3.8% | 0% |
*Estimate
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Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: BBB–
Moody's: Baa3
Standard & Poor's / Moody's (Updated as of January 24th 2017)
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Market value of publicly traded shares
USD 694.7 billion (2020)
Largest companies
Sberbank, Rosneft, Surgutneftegas, Gazprom, Norilsk Nickel, LukOil, Transneft, Novatek, VTB Bank, Tatneft, Novolipetsk Steel, Severstal, Rosseti, Polyus, EN+ Group International, Inter Rao, X5 Retail Group, Magnit, Moscow Exchange, Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel, Credit Bank of Moscow, Sistema, PIK Group, RusHydro
Forbes Global 2000 (2021)
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Current account balance
USD 94.6 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP
5.7% (2021 estimate)
IMF - World Economic Outlook, October 2021
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Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
25.5% (2020)
World Bank - World Development Indicators (updated Feb 2022)
Shares in world total merchandising export
1.9% (2020)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Shares in world total commercial services export
0.9% (2020)
Compiled by GFMag - Based on World Bank - World Development Indicators
Total exports
USD 379.7 billion (2020 estimate)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Export commodities
Crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, coal, wheat, iron (2019)
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Import commodities
Cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, aircraft, computers (2019)
Exports - major partners
China 14%, Netherlands 10%, Belarus 5%, Germany 5% (2019)
Imports - major partners
China 20%, Germany 13%, Belarus 6% (2019)
FDI inflows
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| USD 13.2 billion | USD 32.1 billion | USD 9.7 billion |
FDI outflows
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| USD 35.8 billion | USD 22 billion | USD 6.3 billion |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| USD 1.5 billion | USD –4.8 billion | USD 61 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
N/A
Best countries for doing business
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Overall ranking: 28 out of 190 countries (2020)
Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 40 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 26 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 7 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 12 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 25 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 72 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 58 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 99 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 21 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 57 out of 190 countries
World Bank - Doing Business 2020
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Global competitiveness ranking
100 out of 141 countries
(2019)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 113 / Score: 56.1 (Mostly Unfree)
The Heritage Foundation - 2022 Index of Economic Freedom
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Languages
Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1% (2010 est.)
Religions
Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020* |
| 148.3 million | 146.3 million | 142.9 million | 146.5 million | 146.62 million |
*Estimate
Source
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2018 |
| 53.7% | 69.8% | 73.4% | 74.4% |
Literacy
Total population: 99.7%
Male: 99.7%
Female: 99.6%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day
0.3% (last available estimate, 2015)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
37.7 (last available estimate, 2015)
(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
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Freedom House rating
Political Rights: 7
Civil Liberties: 6 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
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Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed: 22% (2017) Mobile: 157.4% (2018) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
Mercer Cost of living index
Moscow: 27th
St. Petersburg: 75th
(2019)
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