Russia: Pulling Up The Drawbridge
Russia has stabilized itself since its 2014 break with the West—but prospects for faster growth that could attract foreign investors remain dim.
Russia GDP and Economic Data
Country Report 2017 - Includes Russia real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Russia economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Russia best banks and safest banks are also available.
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International Reserves
USD 322 billion (2015)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved January 2017
Gross Domestic Product - GDP
USD 1,442.4 billion (2017, estimate)
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
Intl$ 3,866.3 billion (2017, estimate)
Real GDP growth
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| 8.2% | 8.5% | 5.3% | -7.8% | 4.5% | 4.1% | 3.5% |
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* | ||
| 1.3% | 0.7% | -3.7% | -0.8% | 1.1% |
*Estimate
GDP per capita - current prices
USD 10,060.4 (2017, estimate)
GDP (PPP) - share of world total
| 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2017* |
| N/A | N/A | 3.15% | 3.47% | 3.1% |
*Estimate
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GDP - composition by sector
- agriculture: 4.7%
- industry: 33.1%
- services: 62.2%
(2016 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP)
1.2% (2014)
OECD, data retrieved January 2017
Inflation
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| 6.8% | 7.8% | 15.5% | 7.2% | 5.0% |
*Estimate
Unemployment rate
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016* | 2017* |
| 5.5% | 5.2% | 5.6% | 5.8% | 5.9% |
*Estimate
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP)
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* |
| 13.1% | 15.9% | 16.4% | 17.1% | 17.9% |
*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015* | 2016* | 2016* |
| -1.2% | -1.1% | -3.5% | -3.9% | -1.5% |
*Estimate
Government bond ratings
Standard & Poor's: BB+
Moody's: Ba1
Standard & Poor's / Moody's (Updated as of January 24th 2017)
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Market value of publicly traded shares
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 770.7 billion | USD 385.9 billion | USD 393.2 billion |
Largest companies
Gazprom, Rosneft, Sberbank, LukOil, Surgutneftegas, Transneft, VTB Bank, Norilsk Nickel, Novatek, Magnit, Tatneft, IDGC Holding, Novolipetsk Steel, Bashneft, Severstal, UC Rusal, Sistema, RusHydro, MegaFon, Inter Rao, Moscow Exchange, Nomos Bank, Alrosa, X5 Retail Group, Phosagro.
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP
3.5% (2017 estimate)
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
29.5% (2015)
Shares in world total merchandising export
2.1% (2015)
Shares in world total commercial services export
1.1% (2015)
Export commodities
Petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures
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Import commodities
Machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steel
Exports - major partners
Netherlands 11.9%, China 8.3%, Germany 7.4%, Italy 6.5%, Turkey 5.6%, Belarus 4.4%, Japan 4.2% (2015)
Imports - major partners
China 19.2%, Germany 11.2%, US 6.4%, Belarus 4.8%, Italy 4.6% (2015)
FDI inflows
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 53,397 million | USD 29,152 million | USD 9,825 million |
FDI outflows
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 70,685 million | USD 64,203 million | USD 26,558 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| USD 8302.1 million | USD 2313.8 million | USD 1411.2 million | USD 4337.9 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014
N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015
Sacturino Ltd, Polyus Gold International Ltd, United Kingdom, USD 5.4 billion
Best countries for doing business
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Overall ranking: 40 out of 190 countries (2017)
Subcategories:
Starting a business: 26 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 12 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 9 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 44 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 53 out of 190 countries
Trading Across Borders: 140 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 45 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 115 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 30 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 51 out of 190 countries
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Global competitiveness ranking
43 out of 138 countries
(2016-2017)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 153 / Score: 50.55 (Mostly unfree) (2016)
(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)
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Languages
Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1% (2010 est.)
Religions
Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)
Note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule; Russia officially recognizes Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism as traditional religions
Total population
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016* | 2021* |
| 147.569 million | 146.401 million | 143.158 million | 143.44 million | 142.648 million |
*Estimate
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Urban population as % of total population
| 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | 2015 |
| 54% | 70% | 73% | 74% |
Literacy
Total population: 99.7%
Male: 99.7%
Female: 99.6% (2015 est.)
(age 15 and over can read and write)
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day
0.1% (2012)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
41.6 (2012)
(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Source
Freedom House rating
Political Rights: 7
Civil Liberties: 6 (2017)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Source
Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed 25.02% Mobile 159.95% (2015)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)