Browse a full set of economic indicators

Russia

Includes Russia real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.

Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Russia economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Russia best banks and safest banks are also available.

Basic Information

Government Type: Semi-presidential federation

Capital City: Moscow 

GDP & Economic Information

Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data

Central Bank Central Bank of the Russian Federation
Currency Russian rubles (RUB)
International Reserves USD 596.77 billion (2020)
World Bank, last updated 12/16/2021
Gross Domestic Product – GDP USD 1,647.57 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) USD 1,647.57 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021

GDP Data

Real GDP growth 2017 1.8%
2018 2.8%
2019 2%
2020* -3%
2021* 4.7%

*Estimate
GDP per capita – current prices USD 11,273.24 (2021 estimate)
IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021
GDP per capita – PPP USD 30,431.21 (2021 estimate)
IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021
GDP (PPP) – share of world total 3.08% (2021 estimate)
GDP – composition by sector agriculture: 3.7%
industry: 30.0%
services: 56.3%
(2020 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) 1.0% (2019)
OECD, retrieved January 2022
Inflation 2017 3.7%
2018 2.9%
2019 4.5%
2020* 3.4%
2021* 5.9%

*Estimate

Inflation & Debt

Inflation 2017 3.7%
2018 2.9%
2019 4.5%
2020* 3.4%
2021* 5.9%

*Estimate
Government Bond Ratings Standard & Poor’s: BBB–

Moody’s: Baa3

Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s (Updated as of January 24th 2017)
Unemployment rate 2017 5.2%
2018 4.8%
2019 4.6%
2020* 5.8%
2021* 4.9%

*Estimate
Household saving rates 4.3% (2019)
OECD, retrieved January 2022
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) 2017 14.3%
2018 13.6%
2019 13.8%
2020* 19.3%
2021* 17.9%

*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) 2017 1%
2018 3.4%
2019 2.2%
2020* -3.8%
2021* 0%

*Estimate

Market value of publicly traded shares USD 694.7 billion (2020)
Largest Companies Sberbank, Rosneft, Surgutneftegas, Gazprom, Norilsk Nickel, LukOil, Transneft, Novatek, VTB Bank, Tatneft, Novolipetsk Steel, Severstal, Rosseti, Polyus, EN+ Group International, Inter Rao, X5 Retail Group, Magnit, Moscow Exchange, Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel, Credit Bank of Moscow, Sistema, PIK Group, RusHydro

Forbes Global 2000 (2021)

Import/Export

Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) 25.5% (2020)
World Bank – World Development Indicators (updated Feb 2022)
Shares in world total merchandising export 1.9% (2020)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Shares in world total commercial services export 0.9% (2020)
Compiled by GFMag – Based on World Bank – World Development Indicators
Total exports USD 379.7 billion (2020 estimate)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Export commodities Crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, coal, wheat, iron (2019)
Total imports USD 305 billion (2020 estimate)
Import commodities Cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, aircraft, computers (2019)
Exports – major partners China 14%, Netherlands 10%, Belarus 5%, Germany 5% (2019)
Imports – major partners China 20%, Germany 13%, Belarus 6% (2019)

Competitiveness & Trade

Current account balance USD 94.6 billion (2021 estimate)
IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021
Current account balance by percentage of GDP 5.7% (2021 estimate)
IMF – World Economic Outlook, October 2021
FDI inflows 2019 USD 13.2 billion
2020 USD 32.1 billion
2021 USD 9.7 billion
FDI Outflows 2018 USD 35.8 billion
2019 USD 22 billion
2020 USD 6.3 billion
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser 2019 USD 1.5 billion
2020 USD –4.8 billion
2021 USD 61 million
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 N/A
Best countries for doing business Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking: 28 out of 190 countries (2020)

Subcategories:

Starting a Business: 40 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 26 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 7 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 12 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 25 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 72 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 58 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 99 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 21 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 57 out of 190 countries
World Bank – Doing Business 2020
Global competitiveness ranking 100 out of 141 countries

(2019)
Index of Economic Freedom Ranking: 113 / Score: 56.1 (Mostly Unfree)
The Heritage Foundation – 2022 Index of Economic Freedom

Population & Geographic Data

Total Area 17,098,242 sq km


Total Population 1990 148.3 Million
2000 146.3 Million
2010 142.9 Million
2015 146.5 Million
2020 146.62 Million
Urban population as % of total population 1960 53.7%
1980 69.8%
2000 73.4%
2020 74.4%
Population median age 39.8 years (2018 estimate)
Population growth rate -0.11% (2018 estimate)
Life expectancy 71.3 years (2018 estimate)


CIA World Factbook / Life expectancy
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day 0.3% (last available estimate, 2015)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) 37.7 (last available estimate, 2015)

(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Freedom House rating Political Rights: 7
Civil Liberties: 6 (2019)

(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Total telephone subscribers as % of population Fixed: 22% (2017) Mobile: 157.4% (2018) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
Internet users as % of total population 80.86 % (2018)

Language & Religon

Languages Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1% (2010 est.)
Literacy Total population: 99.7%
Male: 99.7%
Female: 99.6%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
Religions Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)

World Rankings

Population 146.62 million
Mercer Cost of living index Moscow: 27th
St. Petersburg: 75th

(2019)
C02 Emissions per capita 11.86 metric tons per capita (2014)

Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Russia

Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.


Data Sources:

IMF World Economic Outlook

UN World Population Prospects

World Inequality Report

S&P Global Ratings

Moody’s

Fitch Ratings

IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)

UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

CIA The World Factbook

World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution

Forbes Global 2000

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