Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Turkmenistan economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends.
Basic Information
Government Type: Presidential republic; highly authoritarian
Capital City: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
Central Bank | Central Bank of Turkmenistan |
---|---|
Currency | Turkmen manat (TMM) |
International Reserves | N/A |
Gross Domestic Product – GDP | USD 44.1 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) | Intl$ 112.7 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP Data
Real GDP growth |
2014 10.3% 2015 6.5% 2016 6.2% 2017* 6.5% 2018* 6.2% *Estimate |
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GDP per capita – current prices | USD 7,645.9 (2018, estimate) |
GDP per capita – PPP | Intl$ 19,527.2 (2018, estimate) |
GDP (PPP) – share of world total | 0.09% (2019, estimate) |
GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 7.5% industry: 44.9% services: 47.7% (2016 estimate) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) | N/A |
Inflation |
2014 7.4% 2015 3.6% 2016 8% 2017* 13.2% 2018* 13.4% *Estimate |
Turkmenistan
Inflation & Debt
Inflation |
2014 7.4% 2015 3.6% 2016 8% 2017* 13.2% 2018* 13.4% *Estimate |
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Government Bond Ratings | N/A |
Unemployment rate | N/A |
Household saving rates | N/A |
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2014 21.8% 2015 24.1% 2016 28.8% 2017* 29.1% 2018* 30.3% *Estimate |
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2014 -0.7% 2015 -2.4% 2016 -2.8% 2017* -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2% 2018* -0.1% *Estimate |
Market value of publicly traded shares | N/A |
Largest Companies | N/A |
Import/Export
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) |
22.7% (2018) |
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Shares in world total merchandising export | 0.05% (2018) |
Shares in world total commercial services export | N/A |
Total exports | N/A |
Export commodities | Gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, textiles, cotton fiber |
Total imports |
N/A |
Import commodities | Machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs |
Exports – major partners | China 83.7%, Turkey 5.1% (2017) |
Imports – major partners |
Turkey 24.2%, Algeria 14.4%, Germany 9.8%, China 8.9%, Russia 8%, US 6.6% (2017) |
Competitiveness & Trade
Current account balance | USD 2.3 billion (2018 estimate) |
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP | 5.7% (2018 estimate) |
FDI inflows |
2016 USD 2,243 million 2019 USD 2,086 million 2020 USD 1.985 million |
FDI Outflows | N/A |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser |
N/A United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) – World Investment Report |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 | N/A |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 | N/A |
Best countries for doing business | N/A |
Global competitiveness ranking | N/A |
Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 164 / Score: 48.4 (Repressed) (2016) (100=totally free 0=totally repressed) |
Population & Geographic Data
Total Area |
488,100 sq km |
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Total Population |
1990 N/A 2000 4.53 Million 2010 5.09 Million 2015 5.57 Million 2020 6.03 Million |
Urban population as % of total population |
1960 46.4% 1980 47.1% 2000 45.9% 2020 51.6% |
Population median age |
28.3 years (2018 estimate) CIA World Factbook / Population median age |
Population growth rate | 1.1% (2018 estimate) |
Life expectancy |
70.7 years (2018 estimate) CIA World Factbook / Life expectancy |
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day | N/A |
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) | N/A |
Freedom House rating |
Political Rights: 7 Civil Liberties: 7 (2019) (1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating) |
Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed 11.8% Mobile 162.9% (2017) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
Internet users as % of total population | 21.25% (2017) |
Language & Religon
Languages | Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% |
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Literacy |
Total population: 99.7% Male: 99.8% Female: 99.6% (2015 est.) (age 15 and over can read and write) |
Religions | Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2% |
World Rankings
Population | 6.03 million |
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Mercer Cost of living index |
Ashkhabad: 7th (2019) Ashkhabad: 7th (2019) |
C02 Emissions per capita |
12.52 (2014) |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Turkmenistan
Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.
Data Sources:
IMF World Economic Outlook
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000