Includes Vietnam real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
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Basic Information
Government Type: Communist state
Capital City: Hanoi (Ha Noi)
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
Central Bank | State Bank of Vietnam |
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Currency | Dong (VND) |
International Reserves |
USD 55.5 billion (2018) World Bank, data retrieved October 2019 |
Gross Domestic Product – GDP | USD 241.3 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) | Intl$ 710.3 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP Data
Real GDP growth |
2007 7.1% 2008 5.7% 2009 5.4% 2010 6.4% 2011 6.2% 2012 5.2% 2013 5.4% 2014 6% 2015 6.7% 2016 6.2% 2017 6.8% 2018 7.1% *Estimate |
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GDP per capita – current prices | USD 2,551.1 (2018, estimate) |
GDP per capita – PPP | Intl$ 7,510.5 (2018, estimate) |
GDP (PPP) – share of world total |
1980 0.18% 1990 0.24% 2000 0.33% 2010 0.44% 2019* 0.54% *Estimate |
GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 14.6% industry: 34.3% services: 41.2% (2018 estimate) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) | N/A |
Inflation |
2015 2.3% 2016 2.3% 2017 2.2% 2018* 2.2% 2019* 2.2% *Estimate |
Vietnam
Inflation & Debt
Inflation |
2015 2.3% 2016 2.3% 2017 2.2% 2018* 2.2% 2019* 2.2% *Estimate |
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Government Bond Ratings |
Standard & Poor’s: BB Moody’s: Ba3 Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s |
Unemployment rate |
2015 2.3% 2016 2.3% 2017 2.2% 2018* 2.2% 2019* 2.2% *Estimate |
Household saving rates | N/A |
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2015 57.1% 2016 59.7% 2017 58.2% 2018* 55.6% 2019* 54.3% *Estimate |
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2015 -6.4% 2016 -3.9% 2017 -4.7% 2018* -4.4% 2019* -4.4% *Estimate |
Market value of publicly traded shares |
2016 USD 73.2 billion 2017 USD 125.3 billion 2018 USD 132.7 billion |
Largest Companies | Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam, Commercial Bank For Investment & Development Of Vietnam, Vingroup, Vietin Bank |
Import/Export
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) |
95.4% (2018) |
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Shares in world total merchandising export | 1.26% (2018) |
Shares in world total commercial services export |
0.26% (2018) |
Total exports | USD 259.8 billion (2018 estimate) |
Export commodities | Clothes, shoes, electronics, seafood, crude oil, rice, coffee, wooden products, machinery |
Total imports |
USD 251.4 billion (2018 estimate) |
Import commodities | Machinery and equipment, petroleum products, steel products, raw materials for the clothing and shoe industries, electronics, plastics, automobiles |
Exports – major partners |
US 20.1%, China 14.5%, Japan 8%, South Korea 6.8% (2017) |
Imports – major partners | China 25.8%, South Korea 20.5%, Japan 7.8%, Thailand 4.9% (2017) |
Competitiveness & Trade
Current account balance | USD 5.8 billion (2018 estimate) |
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP | 2.4 % (2018 estimate) |
FDI inflows |
2016 USD 12,600 million 2017 USD 14,100 million 2018 USD 15,500 million |
FDI Outflows |
2016 USD 1,000 million 2017 USD 480 million 2018 USD 598 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser |
2015 USD -1.6 million 2016 USD 49.5 million 2017 USD 26.7 million 2018 USD 69.1 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 | N/A |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 | N/A |
Best countries for doing business |
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. Overall ranking: 70 out of 190 countries Subcategories: Starting a Business: 115 out of 190 countries Dealing with Construction Permits: 25 out of 190 countries Getting Electricity: 27 out of 190 countries Registering Property: 64 out of 190 countries Getting Credit: 25 out of 190 countries Protecting Minority Investors: 97 out of 190 countries Paying Taxes: 109 out of 190 countries Trading across Borders: 104 out of 190 countries Enforcing Contracts: 68 out of 190 countries Resolving Insolvency: 122 out of 190 countries |
Global competitiveness ranking |
67 out of 141 countries (2019) |
Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 128 / Score: 55.3 (Mostly unfree) (100=totally free 0=totally repressed) |
Population & Geographic Data
Total Area |
331,210 sq km |
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Total Population |
1990 66.02 Million 2000 77.64 Million 2010 86.93 Million 2015 91.71 Million 2020 96.41 Million |
Urban population as % of total population |
1960 14.7% 1980 19.2% 2000 24.4% 2018 35.9% |
Population median age | 30.9 years |
Population growth rate | 0.9% (2018 estimate) |
Life expectancy | 73.9 years (2018 estimate) |
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day | 8.4% (last available estimate, 2016) |
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) |
35.3 (last available estimate, 2016) (0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality) |
Freedom House rating |
Not Free Political Rights: 7 Civil Liberties: 5 (2019) (1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating) |
Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed: 15% Mobile: 147.2% (2018) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
Internet users as % of total population | 70.35 % (2018) |
Language & Religon
Languages | Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer, mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) |
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Literacy |
Total population: 94.5% Male: 96.3% Female: 92.8% Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) |
Religions | Buddhist 7.9%, Catholic 6.6%, Hoa Hao 1.7%, Cao Dai 0.9%, Protestant 0.9%, Muslim 0.1%, none 81.8% (2009 est.) |
World Rankings
Population | 96.41 million |
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Mercer Cost of living index |
Hanoi: 112th Ho Chi Minh City: 120th (2019) |
C02 Emissions per capita |
1.82 metric tons per capita (2014) |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Vietnam
Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.
Data Sources:
IMF World Economic Outlook
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000