
Ukraine's Software Firms Face Test Of War
Decentralization and remote work seems to be the answer.
Government deficit or surplus is the difference between government receipts (mainly tax revenue) and government spending (i.e. salaries of government employees, social benefits, interest on the public debt) in a single year.
Country |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 0.9 | -0.6 | 0.2 | -0.6 | -0.5 | -0.8 |
Albania | -4.3 | -3.6 | -3.5 | -5.2 | -6.7 | -5.9 |
Algeria | -0.4 | -0.4 | -4.1 | -0.9 | -4.5 | -4.6 |
Angola | 3.5 | 8.7 | 4.6 | 0.3 | -4.1 | -4.1 |
Antigua and Barbuda | -0.3 | -3.6 | -1.2 | -4.2 | -1.3 | 0.3 |
Argentina | -1.1 | -2.8 | -3.2 | -2.8 | -4.5 | -5.5 |
Armenia | -5.0 | -2.9 | -1.6 | -1.7 | -1.7 | -2.0 |
Australia | -5.1 | -4.5 | -3.5 | -3.5 | -3.3 | -1.8 |
Austria | -4.5 | -2.4 | -2.6 | -1.5 | -3.0 | -1.5 |
Azerbaijan | 14.0 | 11.6 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 0.3 | -1.8 |
The Bahamas | -4.3 | -4.6 | -5.6 | -6.6 | -5.2 | -4.5 |
Bahrain | -5.8 | -1.5 | -3.2 | -4.3 | -4.8 | -5.7 |
Bangladesh | -2.7 | -3.6 | -3.0 | -3.4 | -2.7 | -3.3 |
Barbados | -7.9 | -3.6 | -8.5 | -13.0 | -9.1 | -7.7 |
Belarus | -0.5 | 4.2 | 1.7 | -0.9 | -3.3 | -3.6 |
Belgium | -4.0 | -4.0 | -4.1 | -2.7 | -2.6 | -2.2 |
Belize | -1.7 | -1.1 | -0.5 | -2.3 | -1.7 | -1.7 |
Benin | -0.4 | -1.4 | -0.3 | -2.1 | -1.4 | -1.3 |
Bhutan | 1.6 | -2.1 | -1.3 | -4.0 | -3.8 | -2.4 |
Bolivia | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.7 | -0.4 | 0.1 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | -3.5 | -2.8 | -2.7 | -1.9 | -4.1 | -2.7 |
Botswana | -7.5 | -0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 2.0 |
Brazil | -2.8 | -2.6 | -2.8 | -3.3 | -3.9 | -3.1 |
Brunei Darussalam | 8.4 | 28.1 | 16.9 | 16.8 | 20.4 | 16.7 |
Bulgaria | -4.0 | -2.0 | -0.5 | -1.9 | -2.7 | -2.0 |
Burkina Faso | -3.0 | -1.4 | -3.1 | -4.0 | -2.9 | -3.0 |
Burundi | -3.6 | -3.9 | -3.7 | -1.7 | -1.7 | -2.1 |
Cabo Verde | -10.7 | -7.7 | -10.3 | -9.0 | -9.6 | -10.3 |
Cambodia | -2.8 | -4.1 | -3.8 | -2.7 | -2.8 | -2.3 |
Cameroon | -1.1 | -2.6 | -1.6 | -4.0 | -5.0 | -5.3 |
Canada | -4.9 | -3.7 | -3.4 | -3.0 | -2.6 | -2.1 |
Central African Republic | -1.4 | -2.4 | 0.0 | -6.4 | 1.0 | -6.4 |
Chad | -4.2 | 2.4 | 0.5 | -2.0 | 0.0 | -1.4 |
Chile | -0.4 | 1.4 | 0.7 | -0.7 | -1.8 | -1.2 |
China | -1.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | -0.9 | -1.0 | -0.8 |
Colombia | -3.3 | -2.0 | 0.1 | -0.9 | -1.5 | -1.3 |
Comoros | 7.0 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 15.5 | -0.8 | -2.7 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 3.7 | -1.2 | 0.5 | -1.7 | -2.1 | -1.6 |
Republic of Congo | 16.1 | 16.5 | 6.4 | 8.5 | 5.2 | 5.8 |
Costa Rica | -5.4 | -4.3 | -4.6 | -5.6 | -6.3 | -6.5 |
CÙte d'Ivoire | -1.8 | -5.4 | -3.1 | -2.3 | -2.3 | -3.1 |
Croatia | -4.5 | -4.6 | -3.3 | -5.5 | -4.7 | -2.9 |
Cyprus | -5.3 | -6.3 | -6.4 | -4.9 | -4.4 | -3.9 |
Czech Republic | -4.8 | -3.3 | -4.2 | -1.5 | -1.2 | -1.4 |
Denmark | -2.7 | -2.0 | -3.9 | -0.9 | -1.4 | -3.0 |
Djibouti | -1.3 | -1.4 | -2.7 | -5.9 | -7.3 | -10.5 |
Dominica | -3.5 | -4.4 | -5.4 | -2.7 | -2.6 | -2.4 |
Dominican Republic | -2.7 | -3.0 | -6.6 | -3.6 | -2.9 | -3.2 |
Ecuador | -1.3 | 0.0 | -1.1 | -4.7 | -4.3 | -4.6 |
Egypt | -8.3 | -9.8 | -10.5 | -14.1 | -12.2 | -11.5 |
El Salvador | -4.4 | -4.1 | -3.9 | -3.7 | -4.2 | -4.5 |
Equatorial Guinea | -6.4 | 1.1 | -9.8 | -7.8 | -6.8 | -3.9 |
Eritrea | -16.0 | -16.2 | -13.5 | -12.5 | -11.6 | -12.1 |
Estonia | 0.2 | 1.2 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.3 |
Ethiopia | -1.3 | -1.6 | -1.2 | -2.0 | -2.7 | -3.0 |
Fiji | -2.2 | -1.4 | -1.1 | -0.5 | -2.1 | -2.6 |
Finland | -2.7 | -1.0 | -2.2 | -2.3 | -2.4 | -1.4 |
France | -6.8 | -5.1 | -4.9 | -4.2 | -4.4 | -4.3 |
Gabon | 2.7 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 5.9 | -2.0 |
The Gambia | -5.4 | -4.7 | -4.4 | -8.4 | -4.6 | -2.5 |
Georgia | -4.8 | -0.9 | -0.8 | -1.2 | -2.9 | -2.3 |
Germany | -4.2 | -0.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Ghana | -9.4 | -5.2 | -12.1 | -10.0 | -7.8 | -6.5 |
Greece | -11.0 | -9.6 | -6.4 | -3.2 | -2.7 | -1.9 |
Grenada | -3.1 | -4.7 | -5.4 | -7.1 | -6.0 | -3.0 |
Guatemala | -3.3 | -2.8 | -2.4 | -2.1 | -2.1 | -2.2 |
Guinea | -14.0 | -1.3 | -3.3 | -5.2 | -5.9 | -2.7 |
Guinea-Bissau | 1.4 | -1.0 | -2.6 | -2.2 | -1.9 | -2.6 |
Guyana | -2.7 | -3.0 | -4.7 | -4.4 | -3.6 | -3.2 |
Haiti | 1.1 | -3.6 | -4.8 | -6.7 | -5.6 | -4.7 |
Honduras | -2.8 | -2.8 | -4.2 | -7.6 | -6.0 | -5.2 |
Hong Kong SAR | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.5 |
Hungary | -4.4 | 4.2 | -2.0 | -2.4 | -2.9 | -2.8 |
Iceland | -10.1 | -5.6 | -3.8 | -2.1 | 1.9 | -0.5 |
India | -8.4 | -8.0 | -7.4 | -7.2 | -7.2 | -6.7 |
Indonesia | -1.3 | -0.6 | -1.7 | -2.1 | -2.5 | -2.3 |
Islamic Republic of Iran | 3.0 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -1.0 | -2.1 | -2.2 |
Iraq | -4.2 | 4.7 | 4.1 | -5.9 | -3.0 | -0.6 |
Ireland | -29.3 | -12.5 | -7.8 | -6.7 | -4.2 | -2.8 |
Israel | -4.6 | -3.9 | -5.1 | -3.2 | -2.9 | -2.9 |
Italy | -4.4 | -3.6 | -2.9 | -3.0 | -3.0 | -2.3 |
Jamaica | -6.3 | -6.4 | -4.1 | 0.1 | -0.7 | -0.3 |
Japan | -9.3 | -9.8 | -8.7 | -8.2 | -7.1 | -5.8 |
Jordan | -5.6 | -6.8 | -8.5 | -11.4 | -10.3 | -6.0 |
Kazakhstan | 1.5 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.2 |
Kenya | -4.4 | -4.0 | -5.0 | -5.7 | -6.0 | -5.8 |
Kiribati | -12.7 | -21.2 | -6.7 | 10.3 | -25.8 | -20.4 |
Korea | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
Kosovo | -2.2 | -1.8 | -2.6 | -3.1 | -2.2 | -4.3 |
Kuwait | 25.5 | 34.8 | 36.0 | 32.2 | 28.8 | 26.3 |
Kyrgyz Republic | -5.8 | -4.6 | -5.7 | -3.8 | -4.4 | -3.2 |
Lao P.D.R. | -3.2 | -1.7 | -0.5 | -5.6 | -4.6 | -3.7 |
Latvia | -7.3 | -3.2 | 0.1 | -1.1 | -0.8 | -0.7 |
Lebanon | -7.6 | -5.9 | -8.6 | -9.2 | -11.1 | -12.0 |
Lesotho | -5.0 | -10.6 | 5.0 | -1.2 | -1.8 | -1.2 |
Liberia | -5.7 | -3.1 | -1.7 | -2.5 | -10.4 | -9.6 |
Libya | 11.6 | -15.9 | 27.8 | -4.0 | -52.1 | -30.2 |
Lithuania | -7.2 | -5.5 | -3.3 | -2.2 | -2.2 | -1.7 |
Luxembourg | -0.8 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | -1.5 |
FYR Macedonia | -2.4 | -2.5 | -3.9 | -4.1 | -3.5 | -3.2 |
Madagascar | -0.9 | -2.4 | -2.6 | -5.1 | -2.1 | -2.3 |
Malawi | 2.6 | -5.2 | -2.6 | -5.5 | -5.0 | -3.3 |
Malaysia | -4.7 | -3.7 | -3.6 | -4.6 | -3.6 | -2.7 |
Maldives | -16.3 | -8.7 | -9.4 | -11.9 | -19.2 | -15.7 |
Mali | -2.9 | -4.1 | -1.2 | -2.7 | -4.3 | -3.4 |
Malta | -3.5 | -2.7 | -3.3 | -2.8 | -2.7 | -2.4 |
Marshall Islands | 3.5 | 2.2 | -0.8 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -2.2 |
Mauritania | -2.0 | -1.5 | 2.8 | -1.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
Mauritius | -3.2 | -3.2 | -1.8 | -3.5 | -2.8 | -3.5 |
Mexico | -4.3 | -3.3 | -3.7 | -3.8 | -4.2 | -4.0 |
Micronesia | 0.5 | -0.6 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
Moldova | -2.5 | -2.4 | -2.2 | -1.8 | -1.7 | -5.4 |
Mongolia | 0.5 | -4.8 | -11.9 | -9.7 | -11.1 | -7.4 |
Montenegro | -4.6 | -5.2 | -5.9 | -3.2 | -1.5 | -6.6 |
Morocco | -4.4 | -6.7 | -7.4 | -5.5 | -5.0 | -4.3 |
Mozambique | -4.3 | -5.1 | -4.0 | -2.7 | -9.2 | -7.4 |
Myanmar | -5.4 | -4.6 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -4.5 | -4.6 |
Namibia | -4.6 | -6.6 | -1.4 | -4.7 | -6.0 | -5.1 |
Nepal | -0.8 | -1.0 | -0.6 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
Netherlands | -4.7 | -4.0 | -3.7 | -2.3 | -2.5 | -2.1 |
New Zealand | -5.1 | -4.9 | -1.6 | -0.7 | -0.7 | -0.4 |
Nicaragua | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | -0.6 | -0.9 | -0.9 |
Niger | -2.4 | -1.5 | -1.2 | -2.6 | -5.7 | -5.5 |
Nigeria | -4.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | -2.3 | -1.7 | -2.2 |
Norway | 11.1 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 11.0 | 10.8 | 9.9 |
Oman | 5.7 | 9.4 | 4.6 | 8.1 | 3.0 | 0.2 |
Pakistan | -5.9 | -6.9 | -8.4 | -8.1 | -4.7 | -4.4 |
Palau | -0.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 4.9 | 0.9 |
Panama | -1.9 | -2.1 | -1.5 | -3.0 | -3.9 | -2.0 |
Papua New Guinea | 3.1 | 1.7 | -3.2 | -8.0 | -7.2 | -2.5 |
Paraguay | 1.6 | 1.1 | -1.2 | -0.7 | -0.7 | 0.1 |
Peru | -0.1 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 0.7 | -0.1 | -0.1 |
Philippines | -2.4 | -0.4 | -0.6 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -1.0 |
Poland | -7.9 | -5.0 | -3.9 | -4.3 | -3.2 | -2.5 |
Portugal | -9.9 | -4.3 | -6.5 | -5.0 | -4.0 | -2.5 |
Qatar | 2.5 | 6.5 | 9.6 | 15.4 | 11.4 | 9.0 |
Romania | -6.4 | -4.3 | -2.5 | -2.5 | -2.2 | -1.8 |
Russia | -3.4 | 1.5 | 0.4 | -1.3 | -0.9 | -1.1 |
Rwanda | 0.4 | -1.8 | -1.6 | -2.5 | -2.0 | -1.4 |
Samoa | -5.8 | -5.3 | -7.2 | -4.0 | -2.6 | -1.8 |
San Marino | -2.0 | -3.6 | -2.0 | -2.3 | -1.3 | -2.2 |
S„o TomÈ and PrÌncipe | -11.5 | -12.0 | -10.7 | 1.6 | -6.3 | -6.0 |
Saudi Arabia | 5.2 | 12.0 | 14.7 | 8.7 | 5.2 | 1.6 |
Senegal | -5.2 | -6.3 | -5.6 | -5.5 | -5.0 | -4.0 |
Serbia | -3.9 | -4.4 | -7.2 | -5.7 | -8.8 | -8.4 |
Seychelles | 0.5 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Sierra Leone | -5.0 | -4.6 | -5.2 | -2.4 | -5.0 | -5.3 |
Singapore | 6.6 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 4.2 |
Slovak Republic | -7.5 | -4.8 | -4.5 | -2.8 | -2.9 | -2.3 |
Slovenia | -5.2 | -5.5 | -3.1 | -13.8 | -5.0 | -3.9 |
Solomon Islands | 6.2 | 9.0 | 3.9 | 4.3 | -1.6 | -0.8 |
South Africa | -4.9 | -4.0 | -4.3 | -4.4 | -4.9 | -5.1 |
South Sudan | n/a | 4.3 | -16.3 | -6.9 | -9.0 | 4.1 |
Spain | -9.6 | -9.6 | -10.6 | -7.1 | -5.7 | -4.7 |
Sri Lanka | -8.0 | -6.9 | -6.5 | -5.9 | -5.2 | -4.7 |
St. Kitts and Nevis | -7.6 | 1.8 | 5.0 | 12.3 | 6.2 | 1.7 |
St. Lucia | -4.9 | -6.5 | -9.3 | -5.9 | -6.2 | -7.2 |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | -3.9 | -7.2 | -2.1 | -6.2 | -6.7 | -5.6 |
Sudan | 0.3 | 0.2 | -3.7 | -2.3 | -1.0 | -1.2 |
Suriname | -3.1 | 0.5 | -4.0 | -6.8 | -3.5 | -2.9 |
Swaziland | -10.6 | -4.6 | 4.4 | 0.3 | -0.9 | -3.4 |
Sweden | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.7 | -1.3 | -2.0 | -0.8 |
Switzerland | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
Syria | -7.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Taiwan Province of China | -5.0 | -4.0 | -4.2 | -3.1 | -2.3 | -2.1 |
Tajikistan | -3.0 | -2.1 | 0.6 | -0.8 | -0.6 | -1.3 |
Tanzania | -6.5 | -5.0 | -5.7 | -5.9 | -5.0 | -4.4 |
Thailand | -0.8 | -0.6 | -1.8 | -0.2 | -2.5 | -2.6 |
Timor-Leste | 39.7 | 43.2 | 52.0 | 39.7 | 23.5 | 28.8 |
Togo | -2.5 | -4.0 | -7.2 | -4.7 | -5.0 | -3.8 |
Tonga | -3.8 | -3.7 | -1.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.7 |
Trinidad and Tobago | -3.8 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -2.3 | 0.1 | -2.0 |
Tunisia | -0.9 | -3.4 | -5.2 | -5.9 | -4.4 | -3.4 |
Turkey | -3.4 | -0.6 | -1.4 | -1.5 | -2.0 | -1.9 |
Turkmenistan | 2.0 | 3.6 | 6.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
Tuvalu | -23.8 | -8.9 | 9.3 | 26.3 | 15.8 | -4.4 |
Uganda | -6.7 | -3.1 | -3.5 | -3.5 | -4.8 | -3.0 |
Ukraine | -5.8 | -2.8 | -4.3 | -4.8 | -5.8 | -3.9 |
United Arab Emirates | 4.6 | 11.2 | 13.7 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 10.3 |
United Kingdom | -10.0 | -7.8 | -8.0 | -5.8 | -5.3 | -4.1 |
United States | -11.3 | -9.9 | -8.6 | -5.8 | -5.5 | -4.3 |
Uruguay | -1.5 | -0.9 | -2.8 | -2.4 | -3.5 | -3.4 |
Uzbekistan | 4.9 | 8.8 | 8.5 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
Vanuatu | -2.5 | -2.1 | -1.6 | -0.2 | -3.0 | -3.9 |
Venezuela | -10.4 | -11.6 | -16.5 | -14.9 | -14.2 | -14.9 |
Vietnam | -2.8 | -1.1 | -6.8 | -5.6 | -6.6 | -6.1 |
Yemen | -4.1 | -4.5 | -6.3 | -6.9 | -5.4 | -5.0 |
Zambia | -2.4 | -1.8 | -3.2 | -6.7 | -5.2 | -4.1 |
Zimbabwe | 0.7 | -1.3 | -0.6 | -1.9 | -1.7 | 0.6 |