Ben T. Smith IV, a longtime Silicon Valley executive and currently head of the Communications, Media and Technology practice at Kearney, speaks to Global Finance about the post-SVB venture capital industry and the pace of innovation.
Many of the world's richest countries are also the world's smallest: the pandemic and the global economic slowdown barely made a dent in their huge wealth.
Global Finance editor Andrea Fiano interviews Ásgeir Jónsson, Central Bank Governor of Iceland during Global Finance's World's Best Bank Awards at the National Press Club in Washington, DC on October 15th.
Data on life expectancy offers insight into the health of countries around the world and, as such, into their citizens' chances and ability to prosper.
The Global Health Observatory World Health Statistics 2014 published by the World Health Organization is based on 2013 figures and is used to help chart global progress towards the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and identify gaps requiring attention. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women. The MDGs are derived from this Declaration, and all have specific targets and indicators.
LIFE EXPECTANCY BY COUNTRY
At Birth
(years)
At Age 60
(years)
Healthy
At Birth
(years)
Country
Year
M
F
Avg.
M
F
Avg.
M
F
Avg.
Afghanistan
2013
61
62
61
15
17
16
50
50
50
2000
54
56
55
14
16
15
45
45
45
1990
49
50
49
13
15
14
Albania
2013
73
76
74
18
20
19
64
66
65
2000
68
73
70
15
18
17
60
64
62
1990
67
71
69
15
18
16
Algeria
2013
70
74
72
17
19
18
62
63
62
2000
68
71
70
17
18
18
59
61
60
1990
66
69
68
16
18
17
Andorra
2013
79
86
83
23
28
25
70
74
72
2000
76
83
80
21
26
23
67
72
69
1990
74
81
77
19
24
22
Angola
2013
50
53
52
15
16
16
43
46
44
2000
44
47
46
14
15
15
38
40
39
1990
41
45
43
13
14
14
Antigua & Barbuda
2013
73
77
75
21
23
22
63
66
64
2000
72
74
73
20
20
20
63
65
64
1990
70
72
71
17
18
17
Argentina
2013
73
80
76
19
24
22
64
69
67
2000
71
78
75
18
23
21
62
68
65
1990
69
76
73
17
22
20
Armenia
2013
67
75
71
15
19
17
59
66
62
2000
68
74
71
16
19
18
60
64
62
1990
63
71
67
14
18
16
Australia
2013
80
85
83
24
27
25
71
74
73
2000
77
83
80
21
25
23
68
72
70
1990
74
80
77
19
23
21
Austria
2013
79
84
81
22
26
24
68
73
71
2000
75
81
78
20
24
22
66
71
69
1990
72
79
76
18
22
21
Azerbaijan
2013
70
75
72
17
20
19
61
65
63
2000
64
69
66
16
18
17
56
60
58
1990
60
66
63
15
17
16
Bahamas
2013
73
78
76
19
23
21
62
67
64
2000
69
76
73
18
23
21
61
65
63
1990
69
74
72
17
20
19
Bahrain
2013
76
78
77
20
21
20
66
66
66
2000
73
76
74
18
19
18
63
64
63
1990
72
74
73
17
19
18
Bangladesh
2013
70
72
71
18
19
18
60
62
61
2000
65
65
65
17
18
18
55
55
55
1990
60
59
60
17
17
17
Barbados
2013
75
81
78
21
25
23
64
68
66
2000
72
78
75
20
23
22
63
66
65
1990
71
77
74
18
22
20
Belarus
2013
66
78
72
14
22
18
57
68
62
2000
63
75
69
14
20
17
55
65
60
1990
66
76
71
16
21
19
Belgium
2013
78
83
80
22
25
24
69
72
71
2000
75
81
78
19
24
22
66
71
69
1990
73
79
76
18
23
21
Belize
2013
72
78
75
19
23
21
61
66
64
2000
69
76
72
17
21
19
59
65
62
1990
69
74
71
18
20
19
Benin
2013
57
60
59
15
16
16
50
51
50
2000
53
56
54
14
15
15
45
47
46
1990
51
56
53
14
16
15
Bhutan
2013
68
69
68
19
19
19
59
60
59
2000
60
60
60
17
17
17
52
52
52
1990
53
53
53
16
16
16
Bolivia
(Plurinational State of)
2013
65
70
68
18
20
19
57
61
59
2000
61
65
63
17
19
18
53
56
54
1990
56
60
58
16
18
17
Bosnia & Herzegovina
2013
75
80
77
19
22
21
66
70
68
2000
72
78
75
18
21
19
63
68
66
1990
70
75
73
16
19
18
Botswana
2013
63
65
64
18
18
18
53
55
54
2000
48
47
47
16
17
17
42
41
41
1990
65
66
65
18
17
17
Brazil
2013
72
79
75
20
23
22
63
68
65
2000
67
74
71
18
21
19
59
64
61
1990
63
70
66
16
19
18
Brunei Darussalam
2013
76
79
77
20
21
21
68
69
69
2000
74
79
76
19
22
21
67
69
68
1990
71
75
73
17
20
18
Bulgaria
2013
71
78
75
17
22
20
62
68
65
2000
68
75
71
16
19
18
60
66
63
1990
68
75
71
16
19
18
Burkina Faso
2013
58
59
59
15
15
15
50
51
51
2000
49
50
49
14
15
15
42
43
42
1990
48
51
50
14
15
15
Burundi
2013
54
58
56
15
17
16
47
49
48
2000
46
50
48
15
16
15
40
43
41
1990
48
51
49
14
16
15
Cabo Verde
2013
71
78
75
17
22
20
61
66
64
2000
66
73
70
16
19
18
57
61
59
1990
63
68
66
16
18
17
Cambodia
2013
70
75
73
22
25
24
60
64
62
2000
58
63
61
19
22
20
49
53
51
1990
51
57
54
16
18
17
Cameroon
2013
56
58
57
16
17
17
48
49
49
2000
50
52
51
15
16
16
43
44
44
1990
53
56
54
15
16
16
Canada
2013
80
84
82
23
26
25
71
73
72
2000
77
82
79
21
25
23
68
72
70
1990
74
81
77
19
24
22
Central African Republic
2013
50
52
51
15
16
16
43
44
44
2000
44
46
45
14
15
15
38
39
38
1990
46
50
48
14
15
15
Chad
2013
51
53
52
14
15
15
44
45
44
2000
45
47
46
13
15
14
39
40
40
1990
43
47
45
13
15
14
Chile
2013
77
83
80
22
26
24
68
72
70
2000
74
80
77
20
24
22
65
70
68
1990
69
76
73
17
21
19
China
2013
74
77
75
18
21
19
67
69
68
2000
70
73
71
17
20
18
62
66
64
1990
67
71
69
16
19
18
Colombia
2013
75
81
78
23
25
24
65
69
67
2000
69
78
74
21
24
22
60
66
63
1990
67
75
71
19
22
21
Comoros
2013
60
63
62
15
17
16
53
55
54
2000
57
60
59
15
16
15
50
52
51
1990
54
58
56
14
16
15
Congo
2013
58
60
59
17
18
17
50
51
50
2000
52
53
52
16
17
16
45
45
45
1990
55
58
56
16
17
16
Cook Islands
2013
74
78
76
20
22
21
63
66
64
2000
69
75
72
16
20
18
59
64
61
1990
67
72
69
17
18
17
Costa Rica
2013
77
81
79
22
25
23
68
71
69
2000
76
79
77
21
23
22
66
69
67
1990
75
78
77
21
22
22
Cote D'Ivoire
2013
52
54
53
15
16
16
45
46
46
2000
47
49
48
15
16
15
41
42
41
1990
50
54
51
15
17
16
Croatia
2013
75
81
78
19
24
22
65
70
68
2000
71
78
74
17
21
19
62
68
65
1990
69
76
73
16
20
18
Cuba
2013
77
80
78
21
23
22
65
68
66
2000
75
79
77
20
23
22
65
68
66
1990
73
76
74
19
21
20
Cyprus
2013
80
84
82
23
26
24
73
76
74
2000
75
79
77
19
22
21
68
71
70
1990
74
79
76
19
22
20
Czech Republic
2013
75
81
78
19
24
22
66
71
69
2000
72
78
75
17
21
19
63
69
66
1990
68
75
71
15
19
17
Democratic People's
Republic of Korea
2013
66
73
70
14
19
17
60
65
63
2000
60
69
65
12
18
16
55
61
58
1990
66
73
70
14
20
17
Democratic Republic
of the Congo
2013
51
54
52
15
16
15
43
46
44
2000
47
50
48
14
15
15
40
42
41
1990
48
51
49
14
16
15
Denmark
2013
78
82
80
21
24
23
69
71
70
2000
75
79
77
19
22
21
66
70
68
1990
72
78
75
18
22
20
Djibouti
2013
60
63
62
15
17
16
52
54
53
2000
55
59
57
15
16
16
48
50
49
1990
55
59
57
15
16
15
Dominica
2013
72
77
75
21
22
21
61
65
63
2000
73
76
74
20
21
21
63
66
64
1990
72
76
74
19
21
20
Dominican Republic
2013
73
74
74
21
21
21
62
64
63
2000
72
74
73
22
22
22
63
64
63
1990
68
70
69
19
20
19
Ecuador
2013
73
79
76
21
24
22
64
68
66
2000
70
76
73
20
23
21
61
65
63
1990
67
72
69
19
21
20
Egypt
2013
69
74
71
16
19
18
61
63
62
2000
66
71
68
16
18
17
57
60
59
1990
63
67
65
16
18
17
El Salvador
2013
68
77
73
20
23
22
60
66
63
2000
66
74
70
20
22
21
58
64
61
1990
61
70
65
18
20
19
Equatorial Guinea
2013
55
57
56
16
17
16
47
48
47
2000
49
52
50
15
16
15
42
44
43
1990
46
49
48
14
15
15
Eritrea
2013
61
66
64
14
17
15
53
56
55
2000
39
54
45
12
15
14
34
46
39
1990
46
50
48
11
13
12
Estonia
2013
72
82
77
18
24
22
63
71
67
2000
65
76
71
15
21
19
57
67
62
1990
64
75
70
15
20
18
Ethiopia
2013
63
66
65
17
19
18
54
57
56
2000
50
53
51
15
17
16
43
45
44
1990
42
48
45
14
15
15
Fiji
2013
67
73
70
15
19
17
58
63
60
2000
65
70
68
15
17
16
56
60
58
1990
64
68
66
14
16
15
Finland
2013
78
84
81
22
26
24
68
73
71
2000
74
81
78
19
24
22
66
71
69
1990
71
79
75
17
22
20
France
2013
79
85
82
23
28
25
69
74
72
2000
75
83
79
20
26
23
67
72
69
1990
73
82
78
20
25
22
Gabon
2013
62
65
64
18
19
18
53
55
54
2000
59
60
59
17
18
17
50
51
50
1990
60
63
61
17
18
17
Gambia
2013
60
63
61
16
17
17
52
54
53
2000
55
58
56
16
17
16
48
49
48
1990
50
53
52
15
16
16
Georgia
2013
71
78
74
18
22
20
62
68
65
2000
68
76
72
17
20
19
60
66
63
1990
67
75
71
17
20
19
Germany
2013
79
83
81
22
25
24
69
73
71
2000
75
81
78
20
24
22
67
71
69
1990
72
79
76
18
22
20
Ghana
2013
62
64
63
17
18
17
53
55
54
2000
57
59
58
16
17
17
49
50
50
1990
55
58
57
16
17
16
Greece
2013
79
84
81
23
26
24
69
73
71
2000
76
81
78
21
23
22
67
71
69
1990
75
80
77
20
23
21
Grenada
2013
70
77
73
16
23
19
60
66
62
2000
70
76
73
17
22
20
61
65
63
1990
67
74
70
15
20
18
Guatemala
2013
68
75
72
20
23
21
60
65
62
2000
64
71
68
19
21
20
56
61
58
1990
60
65
62
17
19
18
Guinea
2013
57
59
58
16
17
16
49
50
50
2000
50
52
51
15
16
15
43
43
43
1990
46
48
47
15
16
15
Guinea-Bissau
2013
53
55
54
14
15
15
45
47
46
2000
51
53
52
14
15
15
43
45
44
1990
47
52
49
14
15
14
Guyana
2013
60
67
64
13
17
15
52
57
54
2000
62
67
65
16
18
17
54
58
56
1990
59
67
63
14
18
16
Haiti
2013
61
64
63
16
18
17
50
53
52
2000
55
57
56
15
16
16
47
49
48
1990
52
56
54
15
16
15
Honduras
2013
72
77
74
21
23
22
62
65
64
2000
69
73
71
19
22
21
59
62
61
1990
65
69
67
18
20
19
Hungary
2013
71
79
75
17
22
20
61
68
65
2000
68
76
72
16
21
18
58
66
62
1990
65
74
69
15
19
17
Iceland
2013
81
84
82
23
26
24
71
73
72
2000
78
82
80
22
24
23
69
72
70
1990
75
81
78
20
24
22
India
2013
65
68
66
16
18
17
56
59
58
2000
61
63
62
15
17
16
52
53
53
1990
57
58
58
14
16
15
Indonesia
2013
69
73
71
17
19
18
61
64
62
2000
65
69
67
16
18
17
57
60
58
1990
60
64
62
15
17
16
Iran
(Islamic Republic of)
2013
72
76
74
19
20
20
63
65
64
2000
69
71
70
18
18
18
60
61
60
1990
63
64
64
16
16
16
Iraq
2013
67
74
70
16
19
18
59
64
61
2000
68
73
71
17
20
18
60
62
61
1990
67
71
69
17
19
18
Ireland
2013
79
83
81
22
26
24
69
73
71
2000
74
79
77
19
22
20
66
70
68
1990
72
78
75
17
21
19
Israel
2013
81
84
82
23
26
25
71
74
72
2000
77
81
79
21
24
22
67
71
69
1990
75
79
77
20
22
21
Italy
2013
80
85
83
23
27
25
71
74
73
2000
77
83
80
21
25
23
68
72
70
1990
74
80
77
19
23
21
Jamaica
2013
72
77
74
20
23
21
61
66
63
2000
68
75
71
19
22
21
60
64
62
1990
69
74
71
19
21
20
Japan
2013
80
87
84
23
29
26
72
78
75
2000
78
85
81
22
27
25
70
76
73
1990
76
82
79
20
25
23
Jordan
2013
72
76
74
18
20
19
64
65
64
2000
70
73
72
17
19
18
62
63
62
1990
68
71
70
17
18
17
Kazakhstan
2013
63
73
68
13
18
16
56
64
60
2000
58
68
63
12
17
15
51
60
56
1990
61
70
66
15
19
17
Kenya
2013
60
63
61
17
18
18
52
54
53
2000
51
53
52
16
18
17
45
46
45
1990
58
62
60
16
18
17
Kiribati
2013
64
69
67
16
18
17
56
60
58
2000
61
66
64
15
17
16
53
56
55
1990
57
62
60
15
17
16
Kuwait
2013
78
79
78
21
21
21
68
67
68
2000
74
76
75
18
18
18
65
65
65
1990
73
74
73
19
18
18
Kyrgyzstan
2013
66
73
69
16
19
17
58
64
61
2000
62
69
66
15
18
16
55
60
58
1990
62
69
66
16
19
18
Lao People's
Democratic Republic
2013
65
68
66
16
18
17
56
58
57
2000
58
61
59
15
17
16
50
52
51
1990
51
54
53
14
16
15
Latvia
2013
69
79
74
16
22
20
61
69
65
2000
65
76
70
15
21
19
57
66
62
1990
64
74
69
15
20
18
Lebanon
2013
78
82
80
21
25
23
69
71
70
2000
73
76
74
18
20
19
64
66
65
1990
64
71
67
16
18
17
Lesotho
2013
48
52
50
15
17
16
41
44
43
2000
47
49
48
15
17
16
41
43
42
1990
59
62
61
16
17
17
Liberia
2013
61
63
62
15
17
16
52
53
52
2000
50
52
51
14
15
15
42
44
43
1990
39
46
42
13
15
14
Libya
2013
73
77
75
18
21
20
64
65
64
2000
70
74
72
17
19
18
61
62
61
1990
67
70
68
16
18
17
Lithuania
2013
69
79
74
17
23
20
60
70
65
2000
67
78
72
17
22
20
58
68
63
1990
66
76
71
16
21
19
Luxembourg
2013
80
84
82
23
26
25
70
73
72
2000
75
81
78
20
24
22
66
71
69
1990
72
79
76
18
22
20
Madagascar
2013
63
66
64
16
17
17
54
56
55
2000
57
59
58
15
16
16
49
50
49
1990
50
53
51
15
16
15
Malawi
2013
58
61
60
16
17
16
50
52
51
2000
45
44
44
15
16
15
39
38
38
1990
43
46
45
14
15
15
Malaysia
2013
72
76
74
18
20
19
63
66
65
2000
69
74
71
16
18
17
61
64
62
1990
68
73
71
16
18
17
Maldives
2013
77
79
78
20
21
21
67
68
68
2000
67
68
68
16
15
15
59
59
59
1990
60
57
58
14
12
13
Mali
2013
57
57
57
15
16
16
50
48
49
2000
48
48
48
14
14
14
41
40
41
1990
46
46
46
14
14
14
Malta
2013
79
82
81
22
24
23
70
72
71
2000
76
80
78
20
23
21
67
70
69
1990
74
78
76
18
21
19
Marshall Islands
2013
68
73
70
17
20
18
58
61
59
2000
64
68
66
16
18
17
56
59
57
1990
61
65
63
15
17
16
Mauritania
2013
62
65
63
16
17
16
53
55
54
2000
59
62
60
15
17
16
50
51
51
1990
57
60
58
15
16
16
Mauritius
2013
70
78
74
18
22
20
62
68
65
2000
68
75
72
16
20
18
60
65
63
1990
66
74
70
15
19
17
Mexico
2013
73
78
75
20
22
21
65
69
67
2000
72
77
75
20
23
21
64
68
66
1990
68
75
71
20
22
21
Micronesia
(Federated States of)
2013
68
70
69
16
18
17
59
61
60
2000
66
68
67
16
18
17
57
58
58
1990
65
67
66
16
17
17
Monaco
2013
79
85
82
23
28
25
70
74
72
2000
76
84
80
21
27
24
67
73
70
1990
74
81
78
20
25
22
Mongolia
2013
64
72
68
14
18
16
57
64
60
2000
60
66
63
13
16
14
53
58
55
1990
58
64
61
14
16
15
Montenegro
2013
74
78
76
19
21
20
64
67
66
2000
72
77
75
19
21
20
63
66
64
1990
73
79
76
19
23
22
Morocco
2013
69
73
71
17
19
18
60
62
61
2000
66
70
68
16
18
17
57
59
58
1990
63
66
64
16
18
17
Mozambique
2013
53
55
54
16
17
16
46
47
46
2000
46
49
47
14
16
15
40
41
41
1990
41
45
43
14
15
14
Myanmar
2013
64
68
66
16
17
17
56
59
57
2000
60
64
62
15
17
16
52
55
54
1990
57
61
59
15
16
16
Namibia
2013
66
70
68
18
19
19
56
60
58
2000
57
57
57
16
17
16
49
49
49
1990
62
64
63
16
16
16
Nauru
2013
75
83
79
20
27
23
64
69
66
2000
73
81
77
18
25
21
62
68
65
1990
69
77
73
17
23
20
Nepal
2013
67
70
68
16
18
17
58
60
59
2000
61
63
62
15
17
16
53
54
53
1990
54
55
54
14
16
15
Netherlands
2013
79
83
81
22
25
24
70
72
71
2000
76
81
78
19
24
22
67
70
69
1990
74
80
77
18
23
21
New Zealand
2013
80
84
82
24
26
25
71
73
72
2000
76
81
79
21
24
23
67
71
69
1990
73
78
76
18
22
20
Nicaragua
2013
71
77
74
20
22
21
62
66
64
2000
70
76
73
21
24
22
61
65
63
1990
68
74
71
20
24
22
Niger
2013
59
59
59
15
16
16
51
51
51
2000
50
50
50
15
15
15
43
42
42
1990
43
43
43
14
15
15
Nigeria
2013
54
55
55
15
16
16
47
47
47
2000
47
48
47
14
15
15
40
41
41
1990
45
47
46
14
15
15
Niue
2013
72
78
75
17
21
19
62
66
64
2000
70
76
73
16
20
18
60
65
62
1990
69
75
71
16
19
17
Norway
2013
80
84
82
23
26
24
69
72
71
2000
76
82
79
20
24
22
66
70
68
1990
74
80
77
18
23
21
Oman
2013
74
79
76
19
22
20
65
67
66
2000
71
75
72
17
19
18
62
63
62
1990
66
70
68
16
18
17
Pakistan
2013
65
67
66
17
18
17
56
57
57
2000
62
64
63
17
18
17
53
54
54
1990
59
61
60
17
18
17
Palau
2013
71
75
73
17
20
18
61
64
63
2000
68
71
70
16
18
17
59
61
60
1990
65
68
66
15
17
16
Panama
2013
74
80
77
22
25
24
65
70
67
2000
74
79
76
21
24
23
64
68
66
1990
72
76
74
20
22
21
Papua New Guinea
2013
60
65
62
13
17
15
52
55
53
2000
56
61
59
12
16
14
49
52
50
1990
53
59
56
12
15
13
Paraguay
2013
72
78
75
20
23
21
63
67
65
2000
71
77
74
19
23
21
62
65
64
1990
71
76
73
19
22
21
Peru
2013
76
79
77
22
24
23
66
68
67
2000
70
74
72
19
21
20
61
64
62
1990
68
72
70
20
22
21
Philippines
2013
65
72
69
15
19
17
57
63
60
2000
66
73
69
17
20
19
57
62
60
1990
63
70
66
17
19
18
Poland
2013
73
81
77
19
24
21
63
71
67
2000
70
78
74
17
22
19
61
68
65
1990
67
76
71
15
20
18
Portugal
2013
78
84
81
22
26
24
68
73
71
2000
73
80
77
19
23
21
65
70
68
1990
71
78
74
18
22
20
Qatar
2013
79
80
79
22
22
22
68
67
68
2000
77
76
77
21
20
20
66
64
65
1990
74
76
75
19
20
19
Republic of Korea
2013
78
85
82
22
27
24
70
75
73
2000
73
80
76
18
23
21
65
71
68
1990
68
76
72
15
20
18
Republic of Moldova
2013
66
75
70
15
19
17
59
66
62
2000
64
71
67
14
17
16
57
62
60
1990
65
72
68
15
19
17
Romania
2013
71
78
74
18
22
20
63
69
66
2000
68
75
71
17
20
19
60
66
63
1990
66
73
70
17
19
18
Russian Federation
2013
63
75
69
14
20
17
55
66
61
2000
59
72
65
13
19
17
51
63
57
1990
63
74
69
15
20
18
Rwanda
2013
64
67
65
17
19
18
55
57
56
2000
46
47
46
15
16
15
39
40
40
1990
46
50
48
14
15
15
Saint Kitts & Nevis
2013
71
78
74
17
21
19
60
66
63
2000
68
74
71
17
19
18
60
64
62
1990
65
71
68
16
19
17
Saint Lucia
2013
72
79
75
19
23
21
60
66
63
2000
71
77
74
20
22
21
62
65
63
1990
70
74
72
19
21
20
Saint Vincent &
the Grenadines
2013
72
76
74
20
22
21
61
65
63
2000
67
73
70
18
21
19
59
63
61
1990
69
75
72
18
21
19
Samoa
2013
70
77
73
16
21
19
62
67
64
2000
67
74
70
15
19
17
59
64
61
1990
63
69
66
14
18
15
San Marino
2013
83
84
83
25
26
25
73
73
73
2000
78
85
82
22
26
24
69
74
72
1990
76
83
79
20
25
23
Sao Tome & Principe
2013
65
69
67
17
19
18
56
59
57
2000
61
65
63
17
18
18
53
55
54
1990
59
63
61
17
18
17
Saudi Arabia
2013
74
78
76
18
21
19
65
66
65
2000
71
75
73
17
19
18
61
63
62
1990
67
71
69
16
18
17
Senegal
2013
63
66
64
15
17
16
55
56
55
2000
56
59
57
15
16
16
48
49
49
1990
56
59
57
15
16
16
Serbia
2013
72
77
75
17
20
19
63
67
65
2000
69
75
72
16
19
18
61
65
63
1990
69
75
72
17
20
19
Seychelles
2013
70
78
74
17
23
20
63
71
67
2000
67
77
72
16
21
19
61
69
65
1990
64
75
69
14
21
17
Sierra Leone
2013
46
46
46
12
13
13
39
40
39
2000
38
39
39
11
11
11
33
33
33
1990
38
38
38
11
11
11
Singapore
2013
81
85
83
23
27
25
75
78
76
2000
76
81
79
20
24
22
70
73
71
1990
73
78
75
18
21
20
Slovakia
2013
72
80
76
18
23
21
63
70
67
2000
69
77
73
16
21
19
60
68
64
1990
66
75
71
15
20
18
Slovenia
2013
77
84
80
21
26
23
66
72
69
2000
72
80
76
18
23
21
63
69
66
1990
70
78
74
17
21
19
Solomon Islands
2013
67
70
69
16
18
17
59
61
60
2000
64
67
65
15
17
16
55
57
56
1990
61
63
62
15
16
15
Somalia
2013
53
56
54
16
17
16
45
47
46
2000
49
52
50
15
16
15
42
44
43
1990
45
50
47
14
15
15
South Africa
2013
57
64
60
14
19
17
49
54
52
2000
55
62
59
13
18
16
48
53
51
1990
59
66
62
13
17
15
South Sudan
2013
55
57
56
16
17
16
48
49
48
2000
47
50
49
15
16
15
41
42
42
1990
41
44
42
13
14
14
Spain
2013
80
86
83
23
28
25
71
75
73
2000
76
83
79
21
25
23
68
73
70
1990
73
81
77
19
24
22
Sri Lanka
2013
72
78
75
18
22
20
63
68
65
2000
65
75
70
17
20
18
57
65
61
1990
65
75
69
18
21
19
Sudan
2013
61
65
63
17
18
17
52
54
53
2000
57
60
58
16
17
17
48
50
49
1990
54
57
55
16
17
16
Suriname
2013
74
80
77
21
25
23
63
68
65
2000
71
77
74
20
24
22
61
65
63
1990
71
76
73
19
22
21
Swaziland
2013
53
53
53
17
17
17
45
45
45
2000
48
49
48
16
16
16
41
42
41
1990
62
61
61
16
15
16
Sweden
2013
80
84
82
23
25
24
70
73
72
2000
78
82
80
21
24
23
68
72
70
1990
75
81
78
19
23
21
Switzerland
2013
81
85
83
24
27
25
71
74
72
2000
77
83
80
21
25
23
68
72
70
1990
74
81
78
19
24
22
Syrian Arab Republic
2013
73
78
76
18
22
20
65
67
66
2000
72
75
73
18
20
19
62
64
63
1990
69
71
70
17
18
18
Tajikistan
2013
68
70
69
17
17
17
60
61
60
2000
63
65
64
17
16
17
56
57
56
1990
62
65
64
17
18
18
Thailand
2013
71
79
75
19
23
21
63
69
66
2000
66
75
70
18
22
20
58
65
62
1990
66
72
69
16
19
18
The former YugoslavRepublic of
Macedonia
2013
74
78
76
18
21
19
64
68
66
2000
71
76
73
17
19
18
62
66
64
1990
70
75
72
18
20
19
Timor-Leste
2013
65
69
67
16
18
17
56
59
57
2000
58
60
59
15
16
16
49
51
50
1990
48
51
50
13
15
14
Togo
2013
57
60
58
16
17
17
49
51
50
2000
54
56
55
16
16
16
46
47
47
1990
54
57
55
16
17
16
Tonga
2013
74
70
71
19
18
18
64
61
62
2000
68
71
69
16
18
17
60
61
60
1990
64
74
68
14
19
17
Trinidad & Tobago
2013
67
74
71
16
20
18
58
63
60
2000
66
73
69
15
20
17
58
63
60
1990
65
71
68
15
18
17
Tunisia
2013
74
78
76
20
22
21
65
68
66
2000
71
75
73
19
20
19
63
65
64
1990
69
72
70
18
19
19
Turkey
2013
72
79
75
19
23
21
63
67
65
2000
67
74
70
17
21
19
58
63
61
1990
62
68
65
16
20
18
Turkmenistan
2013
60
68
64
15
17
16
53
59
56
2000
58
65
62
14
16
15
52
57
54
1990
59
65
62
14
17
16
Tuvalu
2013
66
70
68
15
18
16
57
60
59
2000
62
66
64
14
17
15
53
57
55
1990
59
64
62
13
16
14
Uganda
2013
57
61
59
16
17
17
49
52
50
2000
44
46
45
14
16
15
38
40
39
1990
44
49
47
14
16
15
Ukraine
2013
66
76
71
15
20
18
59
67
63
2000
62
73
68
14
19
17
55
65
60
1990
65
75
70
15
20
18
United Arab Emirates
2013
76
78
77
19
20
20
67
67
67
2000
73
75
74
18
19
18
64
64
64
1990
71
73
72
17
18
17
United Kingdom of
Great Britain &
Northern Ireland
2013
79
83
81
22
25
24
69
72
71
2000
76
80
78
20
23
21
66
70
68
1990
73
79
76
18
22
20
United Republic
of Tanzania
2013
61
65
63
17
18
18
52
55
53
2000
50
51
50
16
17
16
43
44
43
1990
49
52
51
15
16
16
United States
of America
2013
76
81
79
22
24
23
68
71
69
2000
74
80
77
20
23
22
66
70
68
1990
72
79
75
19
23
21
Uruguay
2013
74
81
77
19
25
22
65
70
68
2000
71
79
75
18
23
21
63
68
66
1990
69
76
73
17
21
19
Uzbekistan
2013
67
72
69
16
18
17
59
62
61
2000
63
69
66
15
18
17
56
60
58
1990
63
70
67
16
20
18
Vanuatu
2013
71
74
72
17
19
18
61
64
62
2000
67
71
69
16
18
17
58
60
59
1990
64
67
66
15
17
16
Venezuela
(Bolivarian Republic of)
2013
72
80
76
22
25
23
63
69
66
2000
71
77
74
20
22
21
62
67
64
1990
70
74
72
18
20
19
Viet Nam
2013
71
80
76
19
25
22
62
70
66
2000
69
78
73
18
24
21
60
67
63
1990
66
75
70
18
23
20
Yemen
2013
63
66
64
15
17
16
54
55
55
2000
59
62
61
15
17
16
51
52
51
1990
56
59
58
15
16
16
Zambia
2013
57
60
58
16
18
17
49
51
50
2000
40
43
41
14
16
15
35
37
36
1990
40
47
43
14
16
15
Zimbabwe
2013
56
61
59
17
19
18
48
52
50
2000
42
42
42
15
16
16
37
36
37
1990
60
64
62
17
18
18
In 2012, life expectancy for both sexes from birth was 70 years, ranging from 62 years in low-income countries to 79 years in high-income countries, giving a ration of 1:3 between the two income groups. Women live, on average, five years longer than men - the same gap as recorded in 1990, although they live more than six years longer in high-income countries and around three years longer in low-income countries.
There are nine countries with life expectancy over 80 years at birth for men, with Iceland heading the pack at 81.2 years, followed by Switzerland (80.7) and Australia (80.5). For women the top 10 countries all have a life expectancy of 84 years or longer. Women in Japan have the highest life expectancy in the world, at 87 years, followed by Spain, Switzerland and Singapore all with 85.1 years.
Life expectancy at birth has increased by six years since 1990, although it decreased in Africa owing to the impact of HIV/AIDS, but life expectancy has begun to increase since the increasing availability of antiretroviral therapy has reduced the spread of the epidemic in the region. As a result, average life expectancy at birth in Africa had increased to 58 years in 2012, whereas it was only 50 years in 2000.
The top six countries that made the greatest progress since 1990 in extending life expectancy were Liberia (by 19.7 years) followed by Ethiopia, Maldives, Cambodia, Timor-Leste and Rwanda.
Among high-income countries, the average gain in life expectancy was 5.1 years, ranging from 0.2 years in the Russian Federation to 9.2 years in the Republic of Korea.
Child survival rates improved significantly between 2000and 2012: The under-five mortality rate fell from 75 to 48 deaths per 1000 live births.
Health at a Glance 2013 OECD Indicators provides the latest comparable data on different aspects of the performance of healthcare systems in OECD countries. It reports that in one-in-three OECD countries, total healthcare spending fell between 2009 and 2011, with those hardest hit by the economic crisis being the most affected.
More than three-quarters of OECD countries reported a cut in spending on prevention programmes in 2011 over 2010, and half spent less than in 2008. The report warns that any short-term benefits to budgets are likely to be greatly outweighed by the long-term impact on health spending.
There are indications that Greece’s infant mortality rate, long in decline, has been rising since the crisis started. There is also evidence that more people in countries such as Greece and Italy are foregoing medical care due to financial constraints, reflecting reduced household incomes, but also perhaps rising costs.