2017 Global Cash 25

Technology companies are the undisputed kings of cash piling, taking over the top four spots in our fifth annual ranking of the Global Finance Cash 25—the 25 global public companies holding the most in cash and cash equivalents.

Considered geographically, the US sweeps the board, with 14 companies out of 25, four in the top five and seven in the top 10. Far from that score, Japan brings three companies to our top 25.

The top cash hoarders are showing growing numbers for their immediately liquid assets. Fifteen companies show short-term liquidity figures over $20 billion, compared to 14 last year and 15 the previous year. But above all, the cutoff to make our rankings this year was $16.3 billion, up significantly from 2016’s threshold of $13.5 billion or 2015’s $14 billion.

In this year’s ranking, Microsoft keeps the top slot position it won last year, its pockets lined with a staggering $113.2 billion in cash and equivalents, $16.8 billion more than the previous year. And it does so while increasing capital expenditures by more than 40%, to $8.3 billion, and taking its CapEx growth to two-digit figures again after a stall in 2015. A decline in Microsoft’s pile of cash is not to be expected this year; the company’s acquisition of LinkedIn last December will be financed through debt, and Microsoft might want to cling to its most liquid assets to avoid a negative impact on its credit ratings.

Apple climbs from the fifth to the second spot, with cash holdings up $25.6 billion from last year to $67.2 billion—an enormous hoard, although well behind Microsoft’s. Apple’s fast accumulation of cash is all the more remarkable because the company has also been able to sustain some of the highest levels of capital investment in the sector. After an increase of 18%, its CapEx reached an outstanding $13.5 billion. Oracle and Cisco closely follow Apple’s liquidity figures; but they started at already higher numbers, and their CapEx are much more modest.

In fifth place, Toyota Motor of Japan is the top-ranked nontechnology and non-US corporation on this year’s list, while General Electric follows. GE dropped from second to sixth position, with an effective decrease in the amount of cash, cash equivalents and short-term securities of almost a third, although there is some evidence of a recent bounce-back.

Samsung climbs from 12th to eighth, and Amazon from 16th to 10th. But the biggest jump is Abbot Laboratories. The Illinois-based pharmaceutical company more than tripled its cash and equivalents and has appeared from nowhere into 18th position. Honda’s leap is also remarkable: from 32nd last year to 17th this year, with an increase of $3.2 billion in cash on its balance sheet. Intel, on the other hand, fell from ninth to 23rd. Pfizer, after a steep decline last year, shaved another $5.4 billion off its liquidity to fall 11 positions in the ranking.

The US is the uncontested leader in corporate cash hoarding. “The technology sector today holds the most cash among US nonfinancial companies, accounting for 47% of the total, followed by healthcare/pharmaceuticals, consumer products and energy,” according to Richard Lane, senior vice president at Moody’s Analytics. Moody’s estimates the total cash and equivalents (including long-term marketable securities) in the balance sheet of US companies at $1.8 trillion, 9.2% more than the previous year.

The cash pile of nonfinancial companies in Europe, Middle East and Africa grew slightly, to a seven-year peak of €974 billion ($1.1 trillion), according to Moody’s Investors Service. The most cash-rich sectors in these areas are energy, automotive, telecommunications and utilities.

Some were expecting the cash-hoarding trend to turn in 2016. Instead, it has intensified. Why do companies keep putting their cash under their mattress, and when can we expect this to change?

Increased geopolitical risks, coupled with memories of the recent recession, are keeping corporate decision-makers cautious. Hopes for growth have been dampened by actual figures, and spare capacity does not encourage new investment. In the US, companies are scaling back hopes for pro-growth policies from the Trump administration, such as corporate tax reform, increased infrastructure spending and regulatory roll-back. Some companies are also preparing for higher interest rates, by either consolidating their ability to pay debts or diminishing their need for future borrowing. Others have taken advantage of their sloshing liquidity for M&A dealmaking, and that is expected to continue in 2017.

Can we expect any changes to these trends in 2017? An S&P May report on corporate cash in the US has brought attention to companies’ increasingly high debt: “Adjusted leverage for both investment-grade and speculative-grade issuers is near decade highs and, conversely, the cash-to-debt ratio near decade lows.” Mark Smith, head of global liquidity in global transaction services at Bank of America-Merrill Lynch, says holding on to cash has allowed companies to build solid credit ratings that they are unwilling to risk. This fact, along with a drop in optimism about the US economy, has led treasurers to postpone investment plans, as shown in the Association for Financial Professionals (AFP) Corporate Cash Indicators Survey for the second quarter of 2017, where the outlook is “continued caution.”

And of course, in the US, there are expectations of a tax holiday for money that companies, particularly tech firms, have booked offshore. According to S&P, US corporate cash has reached an astounding $1.9 trillion, of which S&P estimates that 60% is held overseas; that is $1.1 trillion. Moody’s ups this figure to $1.3 trillion. Some are expecting repatriation to boost investment, wages and growth in the US; but S&P’s report suggests repatriated bounty would go “largely for share repurchases, but also for acquisitions and some debt repayments.” The 2004 repatriation tax holiday had limited impact on the real economy. But with legislative chaos in Washington—witness the GOP’s inability to revise healthcare law—many observers expect tax reform to fail as well.

The Global Finance Cash 25 ranks publicly listed companies by cash, cash equivalents and short-term securities (those maturing between three months and a year) on their balance sheets. Data is gathered from almost 67,000 public companies worldwide. It is a ranking of nonfinancial corporations—we exclude financial insti-tutions from the list. Subsidiaries and nonpublic companies are excluded, and we use a minimum 25% holding for the path from a subject company to its ultimate owner as the cutoff for inclusion.

Big tech companies keep climbing up the ladder in the North American most-rich companies list. General Electric has gone down from second to fifth, although the latest quarterly figures available in June show a strong recovery of the company’s liquidity, after the efforts made to lose weight and with it the legal “too big to fail” label that restricted part of its activities. Abbott Laboratories makes a huge leap and reaches 10th position, reflecting the sale of its eye-surgery unit, the acquisition of St. Jude Medical and its long-delayed purchase of medical-test maker Alere.

Latin America’s list is, as usual, somehow skewed by the presence of several tax havens like the Cayman Islands, Bermuda and Curaçao; so some of the most-rich companies domiciled there actually operate somewhere else. That’s the case with the three most cash-rich in our list. Global oilfield services company Schlumberger keeps its first position, despite losing almost $4 billion of its cash pile. Hong Kong–based real estate company Cheung Kong Property Holdings, created in 2015, makes it straight to the second position in our list, pushing Ctrip.com, the Chinese travel services provider, to third place. Genuinely Latin American Embraer, the Brazilian aeronautical firm, takes the fourth spot; while another Hong Kong–based company, cellulose sanitary products manufacturer Hengan International, makes it to fifth position.

There’s been a good deal of movement in Western Europe’s list. BP jumps to second position, with $23.5 billion, and joins Total, which with $29.1 billion keeps the top spot for the third year in a row, despite a slight decrease of its cash stash. Daimler follows third with $21.7 billion in its coffers. In addition to BP, there are five other newcomers to the 15 Western European richest: Danone, Peugeot, National Grid, BHP Billiton and Nestle. The biggest falls in the rankings are for Enel and Deutsche Telekom, which have ended 17th and 22nd this year from fourth and fifth last year.

Russian companies keep losing weight as the most-rich companies in Central and Eastern Europe, although Lukoil, Surgutneftegas and Novatek still monopolize the three top spots. Enka, the Turkish construction company, which disputed this monopoly as second last year, has disappeared from the top 10. But two other Turkish firms appear as newcomers to the list: Alarko, a construction conglomerate, as eighth; and Kardemir, a metals specialist, as ninth.

The Asia-Pacific most-rich companies list shows great stability, with no changes in the names and very few in their positions. There are no changes in the top four spots, and Toyota Motor keeps the first for the third consecutive year with $48.7 billion of cash in its balance sheet, $5.3 billion more than the previous year. The only remarkable change is for Honda, which increased its cash pile by $3.2 billion, climbing from ninth to fifth position.

United Arab Emirates real estate developer Aldar Properties appears for the first time in our list and makes it straight to the top slot, with $1.8 billion of cash in its pockets. Last year’s first, Qatar Navigation, falls to second position. Similarly, Israeli Check Point Software moves from second to third. Tasnee, last year’s third, has reduced its cash pile almost 24% and drops to fifth, while Qatar Fuel’s position remains unchanged.

All 10 most-rich African companies are based in South Africa. Johannesburg’s chemicals company Sasol leads the ranking once again, despite a reduction of $833 million of its cash pile. Naspers, Grindrod and Aspen Pharmacare all climb one position in the ranking; as MTN, the South African mobile phone operator, drops off the list. Two mining companies, Gold Fields and Impala Platinum, make it to the top 10 for the first time and take over the sixth and seventh posts; while the other newcomer, Datatec, a technology solutions-and-services provider, is ninth. n